基于委托代理关系分析的警察服务职能重塑

应用社会契约理论分析警察权力形成,警察是人民（公众）将自己的权利让渡给国家后,经层层委托代理后形成的一个公共代理人。由于委托代理双方客观上存在信息差距或信息非对称性,在＂理性人＂的假设前提下,占有信息优势的代理人（警察）对处于信息劣势的委托人（公众）会隐藏真实行动,扭曲和异化代理行动,大大削弱了警察为公众服务的效率和质量,造成公众对警察的不满。为此,从消除委托代理双方信息差距的角度,提出重塑警察服务职能的四个途径,以提高警察为公众服务的水平和质量。     

"仇富心理"何以可能——对北京市和杭州市问卷调查资料的分析

“仇富心理”从一个独特角度反映了社会心理中对于贫富差距加大及其引起的社会公正问题的极度关注，可以理解为对贫富差距社会心理反应中的一种严重化形态。对北京市和杭州市的问卷调查结果表明，在当前社会公众存在的仇富心理中，较大比例属于道德义愤型或正当的仇富心理。而极小比例属于个人情绪型或不正当的仇富心理。无论对于哪种类型的仇富心理，都需要通过建设和完善一系列制度机制、文化机制和心理机制来加以引导，而这些机制对和谐社会的建设具有极大的紧迫性。     

论全面推进共同富裕

共同富裕是人类的美好理想，是社会主义的核心价值。当前我国贫富差距增大，已严重影响到国家的长治久安和社会和谐稳定，到了需要遏制的转折点。应将共同富裕目标确定为当前国家战略选择；深化体制改革，保障机会公平；完善三次收入分配政策，促进结果的基本公平；强化宣传引导，推动贫富之间的互动与和谐。     

从间隙哲学角度看两岸关系

海峡两岸的间隙是一种生活哲学意义上的间隙,而非嫌隙,更非沟壑或深渊。从"间隙哲学"角度看两岸之间关系可以取得新视角和新论域。两岸间隙的产生有其各种原因,但在中华文化的深厚土壤中,在两岸人民共同的利益追求中,在为中华民族复兴的共同奋斗中,任何间隙都可以得以消除。任何间隙都可以而且必须防止其转化为嫌隙。我们决不可就事论事地纠缠于其中的非主要原因,要注意"历史问题宜粗不宜细"。对两岸间隙的较典型的类型:提防间隙、利益间隙、价值间隙、交流间隙、历史间隙和现实间隙的分析,可以看出其中产生和渐次消除的条件、规律。     

Gap Analysis: Participatory Democracy,Public Expectations and Community Assemblies in Sheffield

This article offers an argument of almost primitive simplicity: politics tends to promise too much and deliver too little. In order to substantiate this argument this article presents the results of the first attempt to analyse an experiment with participatory democracy through the lens of ‘gap analysis’. This approach focuses attention on the creation, management and fulfilment of public expectations vis-à-vis products, services or experiences. In a historical period in which the fiscal and social resources of democratic politics are severely limited the argument and empirical research set out in this article offer valuable insights for scholars and practitioners of politics and public policy. Central amongst these is the suggestion that responding to unprecedented levels of anti-political sentiment is likely to demand that politicians pay more attention to the management of public expectations (i.e. demand) and less on how to maximise political outputs in terms of public services (i.e. supply).     

Utilitarian and modern: clientelism,citizen empowerment,and civic engagement in the Arab world

In this article, we examine the patterns of civic engagement in non-democratic and democratizing polities of the Arab world. The theoretical argument incorporates two perspectives: modernization theory and utilitarianism. Specifically, we use wasta-seeking behaviour and indicators of human capital and citizen empowerment to explain the micro-level foundations of civic engagement. We build on the implications of these approaches to explain the civic gender gap and women's status in Arab societies. The results of a series of multivariate estimations using the first wave of the Arab Barometer Survey show that clientelistic behaviour along with higher levels of education and employment status explain citizens' involvement in various forms of civic activities. We argue that the former helps sustain traditional authoritarian structures and the latter may help democratization by strengthening civil society. We also detect a civic gender gap and find that citizen empowerment and modernization may narrow this gap in accordance with the democratic norms whereas utilitarian behaviour may generate a similar effect to indirectly undermine the status of women. These findings provide new insights about the complex interdependence of human development, clientelistic networks, women's status, and democratization in the aftermath of the Arab Spring.     

Smooth bodywork: the role of texture in images of cars and women on consumer magazine covers

This article examines the role of texture, specifically smoothness, in commercial communication, specifically magazine cover imagery. It takes as its empirical focus images of women and cars on the covers of magazines aimed at the male market in order to argue that smoothness is an important semiotic resource, embedded in stereotypical and heteronormative conceptions of gender. This argument is framed and introduced through a review of the connotations held by various smooth surfaces in western culture, and a discussion of questions of affect and ideology that underlie those connotations. Analysing two examples of each magazine genre, the paper then illustrates how smoothness is a semiotic resource in which consumption-oriented superficiality interfaces with ideologically gendered images of women and cars on magazine covers. It concludes by raising questions for the future study of smoothness in the media.     

The Soviet constitution

Text Reviewed:

Pierre et Marie Lavigne Regards sur la Constitution sovietique de 1977, Economica, Collection Politique Comparée, Paris 1979.     

城市生活方式的新动向：网络消费与网络休闲——基于文化堕距理论的考察

网络社会的到来使城市生活方式出现了一些新动向,从狭义城市生活方式的角度来说,影响最为突出的便是网络消费与网络休闲。网络消费与网络休闲的出现使城市社会发生了不同以往的变化,而这些变化将进一步影响我国城市社会生活方式的走向并促进消费社会的生成。     

扩大居民文化消费需求 促进文化产业快速发展——基于温岭市城镇居民文化消费现状的调查

温岭市文化消费发展较快,但是文化消费的总体水平不高,发展层次较低,文化消费结构也不够合理。中共十七届六中全会提出扩大文化消费,发展文化产业,温岭市应该从多方面着手,积极扩大居民文化消费需求,促进文化产业快速发展,真正实现文化消费质的飞跃。