现代消费对青少年身份认同的影响

在当今社会,消费成为社会中占主导位置的力量,消费也成为人们构建自我身份认同的重要途径。青少年期是人生发展的重要转折期,青少年期也是个体身份认同形成的关键时期,当代青少年在认识自我、展现自我的过程中受到消费主义的极大影响。更多的青少年通过消费彰显个性、品位,消费为青少年提供了自我身份认同的路径,然而青少年在消费过程中表现出了明显的消费主义倾向,加剧了青少年身份认同的危机。     

北京市低碳交通发展现状、问题与对策研究

在快速城市化进程中,北京市交通设施建设发展迅猛,机动车辆随之增加,由此带来的交通拥堵、能源消耗和碳排放问题日益凸显。该文以北京市2005年至2010年居民出行调查资料为基础,运用低碳交通模型,预测在不同情景模式下各交通方式的发展情况,对不同交通方式的二氧化碳排放量进行计算,分析得出大力发展公共交通及零污染的自行车等交通是北京市实现低碳交通的必然趋势,并提出北京市未来实现低碳交通发展战略及政策治理方面的对策措施。     

Bodies in abolition: broken hearts and open wounds

This paper explores some of connections between bodies and slavery in the antislavery discourses of the late eighteenth and the early twenty-first centuries. It focuses on representations of violence and cruelty, and on the discourses of blood, sweat and tears in the eighteenth century to interrogate the bases of the humanitarianism discourses and what it meant to ‘compassionate’ the suffering of others. It argues that the connections between slavery, the body and citizenship lie in the socialization of sentience, the ‘complicated stings’ of social death and the idea of having a secure property in the person. Some of these connections were broken by the de-historicizing move towards focusing on the vulnerability of the slave and the power of the consumer. Using the slave sugar boycotts of 1791–1792 as a particular example, the paper argues that these more complicated stories are ‘leached out’ by discourses that treat slaves only as bodies, moralize consumption and rely on a neat split between public and private at the expense of a layered understanding of citizenship and empire, and of inequality, subordination, marginalization and social conflict. The article then traces some of the ways in which this emphasis on moralized consumption and disposable bodies resurfaces in current antislavery campaigns in the twenty-first century in the rhetoric of ethical consumption, risking the same ‘leaching out’ of political analysis, hollowing out our understanding of the link between slavery and citizenship.     

对卢卡奇物化理论的思考

卢卡奇是20世纪著名的哲学家,是西方马克思主义的奠基人。卢卡奇的物化理论主要来源于晚期马克思、马克斯·韦伯以及西美尔等人的观点。卢卡奇把韦伯的合理化理论与马克思对商品拜物教的分析结合起来,提出了物化理论,即人的活动、人自己的劳动成了对自己说来是客观和对立的东西。虽然这一理论与马克思主义有着千丝万缕的联系,但又有着本质的区别。     

贫困大学生消费现象中的城市归属感研究

消费现象中体现的城市归属感是考察贫困大学生适应现实生活、体验幸福感的重要方面。贫困大学生在城市消费物质层面对城市的认同度较高,而在城市消费群体层面对城市的认同度方面较弱。应从高校社会和个体角度提出相应的措施。     

Is the East European “underclass” feminized?

Results of national surveys carried out in East-European countries convincingly showed that after the fall of communism the gender gap in earnings remained substantial. Following the same analytical framework here I explore a range of issues concerning the gender gap in membership in what I define as the “underclass” in 6 post-communist societies. The basic question is to determine whether or not such a gap exits. I find considerable cross-national variation in the odds of female/male membership in the underclass: women in Poland, Russia and Hungary appear to be most heavily over-represented in this category, while in Bulgaria and Slovakia, the effect of gender does not exist. In addition, the explanation for this gap cannot be found in the intergenerational transmission of poverty, in differences in marital status, and other social–demographic attributes commonly employed in quantitative studies. It is only the lower educational status of women, living in rural areas, and older age, which significantly interact with relatively higher representation of women in the underclass. After controlling for several characteristics of a person’s socio–economic position I found that in four countries, namely in Poland, Russia, Romania and Hungary, a statistically significant net effect of gender remains which provides solid evidence for the feminization of the underclass in these societies.     

中日奢侈消费的心理文化差异

中国即将超越日本成为全球第一大奢侈品消费国。通过对中日两国奢侈品消费的心理文化特征差异性研究,解读影响中日两国奢侈品消费行为的心理文化因素,为中国奢侈消费文化的发展提供可借鉴价值的内容,那就是必须扭转对奢侈品的过度追求及畸形消费。只有将中国人的消费文化引导为可持续发展的消费方式时,才会在意识上真正关注消费行为的积极性。这也是一个关系到中国社会可持续发展的消费伦理问题。     

消费税视野下国际税法征税对象的再分析

国际税法的征税对象究竟是否应该包括间接税 ,学界对此颇有争论。目前主流观点认为国际税法征税对象应仅是所得税 ,也包括财产税和遗产税等直接税 ,而把间接税排除在外。本文从消费税入手 ,通过对“消费税”概念上的厘清 ,电子商务环境对传统观点的挑战 ,以及对 OECD因应之策的分析 ,认为截然地以直接税、间接税来划分国际税法征税对象是不科学的。消费税概念上的歧义性 ,在电子商务环境下消费税与直接税的融合 ,以及 OECD的实践都证明 ,必需把消费税这一传统观念上的间接税纳入国际税法的征税对象。     

我国城乡基本公共服务供给比较研究

基本公共服务作为对公民基本生存权及发展权的保证,其意义对于个人、社会来说都是不言而喻的.本文在界定城乡基本公共服务均等化基本含义的基础上,从义务教育、基本医疗及最低生活保障三个方面、八项指标对我国城乡的供给状况进行了评估比较,得出公共资源偏向城镇居民需求,城乡供给不均的结论,并从合理化视域分析了城乡基本公共服务供给不均...     

The Malthusian intermezzo: Women's wages and human capital formation between the late Middle Ages and the demographic transition of the 19th century

The paper offers a new explanation for ‘the great conundrum’, the acceleration of population growth in England in the second half of the 18th century. It is argued that it was not only population growth that was ‘different’ in England, but the stagnation of the rise of literacy and of human capital in general, seems to be an anomaly of this period. This ‘conundrum’ has been explained in the following way. It is demonstrated that in England the gender wage gap increased a lot during the early modern period, which was caused by: (a) the switch from post Black Death labour scarcity to labour surplus, which in particular harmed the economic position of women, and (b) changes in the structure of agriculture, leading to the rise of large-scale, capital intensive and labour extensive farms, which had a very limited demand for female (wage) labour. This is also suggested by the fact that on the Continent (in the Netherlands) a much smaller decline of female wages occurred, because there family farms continued to be quite important. Moreover, the decline of English wages had important effects on its demographic development. It helps to explain the decline of the average age of marriage of in particular women between 1600 and 1800, and the related increase in fertility that occurred in this period — resulting in a much faster rate of population growth after 1750 than elsewhere in Western-Europe. It also helps to explain the stagnation in human capital formation that occurred during the 18th and early 19th century — again a feature peculiar for the English development in these years. The explanation of ‘the great conundrum’ is therefore intimately linked to the changing position of women on the labour market and within marriage.