Translating Policies into Informal Settlements' Critical Services: Reframing,Anchoring and Muddling Through

This paper examines how policies and plans are translated into informal settlements' practice. It builds on literature on policy implementation practice and organization studies, and more particularly, it applies the concepts of reframing, anchoring and muddling through. The paper is informed by the case of Kisumu City in Kenya and its Kisumu Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan and its implementation on Kisumu's informal settlements. The plan was funded by the Swedish International Development Agency through the United Nations Human Settlement Programme and implemented from 2007 to 2009. The study is based on action research carried out by a multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary group of researchers, through focus groups, participatory workshops, collaborative action, in‐depth interviews, document analysis and observations. The paper examines what original aspects of Kisumu Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan were translated, that is, which ones faded out and which ones became stabilized into and travel as ‘best practices’ to other locations. The paper shows how the generation of ‘best practices’ can be loosely coupled with the practices that policy seeks to change. It concludes, in line with previous research in the field, how successful policy implementation is based on cultural and political interpretations rather on evidence of improved practices. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

关注民生 优化税收制度

党的十七大特别关注民生问题,在报告中明确提出了我们党关于民生问题的努力方向——"使全体人民学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居,推动建设和谐社会。"关注民生,优化税制,建立科学、公平、效率的税收制度,是以人为本,坚持科学发展观的具体体现,是新时期税收的一项重大任务,税收必须为全面建设小康社会,构建和谐社会做贡献。关注民生,应改革个人所得税、消费税,建立完善的城乡社会保障体系。     

当代大学生消费主义倾向的实证研究

在我国社会经济快速发展的今天,消费主义开始出现在大学校园中,使得大学生的消费行为呈现出新的特点。通过对大学生这一特殊群体的消费主义倾向进行社会学实证研究,观察、了解大学生消费中的差异分化和文化内涵,可以深入理解大学生消费行为背后的符号象征意义和消费欲望及内在的文化运作过程,进而分析探讨影响消费形态的主要因素,并就存在的问题提出应对措施。     

大学生消费状况调查报告——以兰州市4所高校为基础的研究

大学生消费是商家、家长和政府普遍关心的问题。通过对兰州市4所高校1082名大学生的抽样调查并分析了大学生消费的整体状况。调查发现,大学生的生活费来源主要依靠家庭提传大学生消费水平不高,处于温饱阶段,伙食费在消费结构中占据主要内容大学生具有一定的理财能力,理性消费是主流。     

对当前经济增长形势的几点看法

我国已进入新一轮经济增长周期的上升阶段。2003年GDP增长9.1%,属于正常状态,但也存在个别行业投资过热现象。经济强劲增长主要是由全社会固定资产投资的高增长拉动起来的。在2003年经济高增长中出现若干不协调现象,主要是三大产业发展不协调、投资增长和消费增长不协调、经济增长与就业增长不协调、城乡发展和区域发展不协调等。为了实现经济平稳、协调、较快增长,必须注重投资和消费的良性循环,按照科学的发展观和“五个统筹”的要求,更加注重搞好宏观调控。     

论消弥数字鸿沟

本文探讨数字鸿沟的概念 ,认为要理性认识数字鸿沟 ,数字鸿沟与贫富差距一样是必然存在的 ,电子政府并不能缩短数字鸿沟的差距 ,并提出了在消弥数字鸿沟中应遵循“泽被全民原则”“普遍服务原则”     

Leveraging virtual machine introspection with memory forensics to detect and characterize unknown malware using machine learning techniques at hypervisor

The Virtual Machine Introspection (VMI) has emerged as a fine-grained, out-of-VM security solution that detects malware by introspecting and reconstructing the volatile memory state of the live guest Operating System (OS). Specifically, it functions by the Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM), or hypervisor. The reconstructed semantic details obtained by the VMI are available in a combination of benign and malicious states at the hypervisor. In order to distinguish between these two states, the existing out-of-VM security solutions require extensive manual analysis. In this paper, we propose an advanced VMM-based, guest-assisted Automated Internal-and-External (A-IntExt) introspection system by leveraging VMI, Memory Forensics Analysis (MFA), and machine learning techniques at the hypervisor. Further, we use the VMI-based technique to introspect digital artifacts of the live guest OS to obtain a semantic view of the processes details. We implemented an Intelligent Cross View Analyzer (ICVA) and implanted it into our proposed A-IntExt system, which examines the data supplied by the VMI to detect hidden, dead, and dubious processes, while also predicting early symptoms of malware execution on the introspected guest OS in a timely manner. Machine learning techniques are used to analyze the executables that are mined and extracted using MFA-based techniques and ascertain the malicious executables. The practicality of the A-IntExt system is evaluated by executing large real-world malware and benign executables onto the live guest OSs. The evaluation results achieved 99.55% accuracy and 0.004 False Positive Rate (FPR) on the 10-fold cross-validation to detect unknown malware on the generated dataset. Additionally, the proposed system was validated against other benchmarked malware datasets and the A-IntExt system outperforms the detection of real-world malware at the VMM with performance exceeding 6.3%.     

Change and continuity in the ideological gender gap a longitudinal analysis of left-right self-placement in OECD countries

When asked to place themselves on a left-right scale, men and women tend to take different positions. Over time, however ideological gender differences have taken a different form. While women were traditionally more right-leaning than men, from around the mid-1990s onwards they have been found to take positions to the left of men. Using an originally constructed dataset that includes information on the left-right self-placement of more than 2.5 million respondents in 36 OECD countries between 1973 and 2018, I empirically verify how the ideological gender gap has evolved since. The results show, first, that while women have shifted to the left since the late 1970s, the pace of this change has strongly diminished since the late 1990s. Second, there is important between-country variation in the size of the reversal in the ideological gender gap. Third, with the exception of the Silent generation and the Baby-boomers, newer generations of women have not taken more left-leaning positions than generations before them.     

Central‐local relations in the people's Republic of China: Trends,processes and impacts for policy implementation

Central–local relations are a matter of great importance to developmentalists because they highlight an intriguing puzzle in public administration especially in large states: how policies decided at higher echelons of the formal system can possibly be implemented by the multitude of intermediary and local actors across the system. In the case of China—the most populous nation in the world, the contrast between the authoritarian façade of the Chinese regime and yet the proliferation of implementation gaps over many policy arenas adds additional complexity to the puzzle. This article reviews changes in central–local relations in the 60 years of history of People's Republic of China (PRC) as the outcome of four co‐evolving processes, and clarifies the roles of each process: state building and national integration, development efficiency, career advancement and external influences. It points out the continuous pre‐dominance of administrative decentralization from 1950s to present time, and the new emphasis on institutionalized power sharing in the context of new state‐market boundaries since 1980s. In conclusion, the article suggests going beyond the traditional reliance on the compliance model to understand central–local interactions and the abundant implementation gaps in a context of central–local co‐agency, thereby improving policy implementation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

“80后”的多维解读

“80后”这一概念反映了社会快速发展过程中代际之间的文化断裂和价值冲突。“80后”的成长经历、家庭环境和社会环境都不同以往,他们是特殊环境中成长起来的一代。“80后”现象折射出的是当今的时代问题,这些问题反映在社会生活的方方面面,整个社会都需要对此进行反思。从历史发展来看,年青一代的观念不同于传统,这是世界各国发展中的正常现象。我们应当以平常心看待“80后”,对他们充满信心,陪伴他们一起成长。