我国能源消费增长特点、发展趋势及政策取向

改革开放以来,我国能源消费总量持续增长,国内能源供需缺口不断扩大,石油对外依存度已超过50％。我国能源效率明显下降,但大大低于发达国家水平。经济增长速度快,经济结构不合理,价格管制过严和社会性管制缺失,是我国能源消费过快增长的原因。“十二五”期间,我国能源供求形势将依然严峻,对外依存度将会进一步上升。必须加快经济结构和能源结构调整,深化改革,促进能源节约。     

TRENDS IN THE GENDER GAP IN VIOLENT OFFENDING: NEW EVIDENCE FROM THE NATIONAL CRIME VICTIMIZATION SURVEY*

Recent research has compared male and female trends in violent offending in Uniform Crime Report (UCR) arrest data with similar trends derived from victims' reports in the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) and has concluded that the two data sources produce contrary findings. In this article, we reassess this issue and draw different conclusions. Using pooled National Crime Survey (NCS) and NCVS data for 1973 to 2005, we find that the female‐to‐male offending rate ratios for aggravated assault, robbery, and simple assault have increased over time and that the narrowing of the gender gaps is very similar to patterns in UCR arrest data. In addition, we find that these patterns are in part caused by larger decreases in male than female offending after the mid‐1990s and not by recent increases in violent offending rates among females. We conclude that changes in the gender gaps in aggravated assault, robbery, and simple assault are real and not artifacts; therefore, these changes deserve serious attention in future research. We conclude with a discussion of several hypotheses that might account for a narrowing of the gender gap in nonlethal violent offending over time.     

当代大学生消费观研究述评

消费观决定着人们的消费行为和消费结果,并在社会和文化意义上影响着对人的塑造.大学生消费观中既存在理性化的一面,也存在着一些问题,消费观教育在大学生思想道德教育中有着特殊的重要性,在大学生的价值观教育中要注重精神消费的教育意义.     

The role of religious coping on problematic alcohol consumption by police officers

Problematic alcohol consumption by police officers is well documented in the literature. It also shows that critical incident stress is correlated with this behavior. A separate body of research indicates that religious coping exerts a moderate protective effect on various types of problematic behavior, including problematic alcohol consumption. We merge these literatures in an effort to determine if religious coping reduces problematic alcohol consumption by police officers and whether it mitigates the positive relationship between critical incident stress and problematic drinking. Data from the Police Stress and Domestic Violence in Police Families in Baltimore, Maryland, 1997–1999 are analyzed to examine these propositions (n = 1004). Results indicate that police officers with higher levels of religious coping were in fact less likely to report problematic alcohol consumption. However, religious coping did not mitigate the positive relationship between critical incident stress and problematic alcohol consumption. The implications of our findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.     

城市居民的循环型消费行为：实证检验与政策借鉴

我们通过问卷调查,对城市居民的循环型消费行为(包括循环型购买行为和循环型使用行为)进行实证检验。我们的研究旨在解决两个问题：一是检验城市居民循环型消费行为的总体状况;二是分析循环型消费行为的主要影响因素。最后,我们对政府制定公共政策,引导居民转向循环型消费行为提出了若干政策借鉴。     

我国电子政务发展过程中存在的问题与路径选择

20世纪90年代以来,电子政务在我国的出现,将政府管理的改革与创新推向了一个前所未有的阶段。然而,我国电子政务的发展遇到了重重困难。正视问题并采取相应的对策成为电子政务建设的当务之急。     

“位置消费”应当正视和研究的意义

传统经济学从"经济人"假设出发,在"效用最大化"原则下,只研究人们消费绝对量的增加,忽视了人们在消费中相对量的比较,以及由比较中所产生的位置和名次的变化,没有反映消费行为的社会性和相对性.位置消费理论弥补了传统经济学的研究缺陷,对于建立有效、合理的制度安排,衡量和评判改革的绩效,促进地区经济的协调发展,促进企业营销策略选择都有重要的现实意义.     

西方非主流经济学的消费行为理论述评

无论是西方主流经济学还是非主流经济学的消费行为理论，都具有十分明显的时代特征，是理论的历史承袭性和修正性的结晶。因此，诸家理论都表现出一定的局限性，有待进一步修正，深化，拓展和整和，但这并不诋毁其应用价值，深入研究这些理论，有利于我们在不同的时期选择适宜的政策，引导和刺激居民消费行为沿着正确的方向发展。     

开展消费教育引导农村居民科学消费

当前随着我国农村居民收入状况的改善,农村居民的消费水平也有较大的提高,但农村居民消费中仍然存在着一些不科学、不合理的消费心态和消费行为.为提高农村居民生活质量,必须有农村经济的进一步发展为之奠定坚实的基础,更有赖于通过消费教育引导农村居民确立科学的消费观念、消费方式,鼓励农村居民适度消费.     

劳动力市场分割:收入分配差距扩大的一个新解

劳动力市场分割是我国当前收入分配差距扩大的一个重要原因:主要劳动力市场的"垄断"以及"高教育程度"等因素导致高工资向上"刚性";次要劳动力市场"劳动力供给长期相对过剩"决定了工资的市场定价,必然导致低工资持续"粘性"。缩小收入分配差距,既要打破主要劳动力市场所属垄断行业的"垄断"地位,又要制定工资增长指导线政策,以确保次要劳动力市场工资增长。