The analysis of some evidential materials by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry

Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) is under evaluation at the Central Research Establishment for the analysis of evidential materials. The analysis of standard reference materials has demonstrated that quantitative multi-element data can be obtained from small samples of a variety of materials. The results of some determinations carried out in support of casework investigations are reported.     

A longitudinal test of the revised strain theory

Agnew's (1985) revised strain theory argues that delinquency results from the inability to escape legally from painful or aversive situations. There is much indirect support for the theory, with experimental and survey data indicating that delinquency is associated with a wide variety of aversive situations. The experimental data, however, are of questionable generalizability and the survey data are primarily cross sectional in nature, leaving unresolved the issue of causal direction. This study examines the relationship between environmental adversity and delinquency using longitudinal data from a nationally representative sample of adolescent boys. A distribution-free method (arbitrary generalized least squares) is used to estimate a covariance structure model depicting a reciprocal relationship between adversity and delinquency. The results support the revised strain theory: environmental adversity has a causal effect on delinquency, but delinquency does not have an effect on adversity.     

意匠多重保护评析

意匠多重保护,是指在赋予意匠以外观设计专利权保护的同时,给以著作权、商标权以及反不正当竞争法的保护。中国法和中国判例对意匠多重保护的态度不明朗。基于规范分析以及成本收益分析,可知意匠多重保护是不可欲的。     

法律的经济分析方法评判

法律的经济分析方法的新颖之处就在于经济方法对传统法律方法的替代。法律的经济分析方法与马克思主义的经济分析法虽然研究风格迥异,但在价值观上存在一致性。作为一种强有力的分析工具,经济方法已经对法学、政治学等诸多领域产生了划时代的革命性的影响,具有不可替代的优势。但法律的经济分析方法存在着不足,它不会也不可能完全代替传统的法律方法。法律的经济分析具有广大的包容力和发展潜力。法律的经济分析的发展将可能更注重价值多样化、更关注动态的法律发展过程。     

猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒广东株ORF3和ORF5基因的克隆与分析

采用RT PCR方法扩增了猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒广东株的糖蛋白基因ORF3、ORF5 ,并对其进行了克隆和序列分析。用Blast分析软件比较分析了其与VR 2 332株以及流行的欧洲株之间的同源性 ,并对其编码氨基酸序列的分子质量、等电点、穿膜区、糖基化位点进行了分析。结果显示 ,PRRSV广东株ORF3与美洲株的同源性达 90 % ,而与欧洲株只是在 318～ 393bp、5 0 2～ 6 97bp之间有 77%左右的同源性 ;ORF5与美洲株的同源性为 88% ,与欧洲株仅在 133～ 2 0 9bp区间有 77%左右的同源性。     

AN ANALYSIS OF PAROLE DECISION MAKING USING A SAMPLE OF SEX OFFENDERS: A FOCAL CONCERNS PERSPECTIVE*

We use data from pre‐sentence investigations and official parole board records to study the correlates of parole release among a sample of men incarcerated for sexual offenses. Cox proportional hazard models are used to estimate change in the likelihood of parole over time, and the focal concerns theory provides the theoretical framework for the analyses. The findings suggest a complex interplay of legal and extralegal factors in understanding parole release decisions. Parole officials weigh heavily offense seriousness, institutional misconduct, and parole readiness scores in making release decisions. In addition, study results reveal that victim and offender age is a salient factor in determining parole judgments. Overall, the current analysis provides a baseline for future research on parole decision making in general, and sexual offenders, in particular.     

H9N2亚型禽流感病毒聚合酶基因的克隆及序列分析

采用RT-PCR方法对1株H9N2亚型禽流感病毒Ck/GS/2/99株RNA聚合酶基因PB2、PB1和PA分别进行了扩增,将其克隆到pGEM-T easy载体后进行序列测定与分析。结果表明,该株病毒的PB2、PB1和PA基因开放阅读框(ORF)分别由2280、2274和2 151个碱基组成,分别编码759、757和716个氨基酸。经同源性与系统发生树分析,该毒株RNA聚合酶基因PB2、PB1和PA与Ck/NX/4/99株的核苷酸和氨基酸同源性均在98%以上,另外这3个基因与Dk/HK/Y280/97、Sw/HK/9/98和Qu/HK/NT/28/99株的关系密切。     

海洛因地理来源研究进展

对海洛因地理来源的判断一直是世界各国较为关注的问题。本文主要从技术角度出发,结合作者与美国缉毒署(DEA)特殊样品检测和研究实验室(STRL)进行技术交流的情况,对最近30年世界各国对海洛因来源判断研究的分析方法和数据处理方法进行了综述和探讨。     

我国消费者知情权受侵害原因浅析

消费者保护问题在世界范围内都得到了充分的关注,在消费者的各项权利中,消费者知情权是一项非常重要的权利。而不容乐观的是我国消费者知情权在现实社会中不时遭到侵害,我们可以从法律的角度对消费者知情权进行界定,分析它的含义、特征,并着重考察消费者知情权屡受侵害的原因,为进一步的保护提供前提探讨。     

Using network sampling in crime victimization surveys

Since crime victimizations are statistically rare events, surveys to estimate rates of victimization are difficult and expensive. In this paper, we examine the advantages of network sampling over traditional methods for conducting crime victimization surveys. Network sampling links population households in specified ways, for reporting purposes, in order to increase the probabilities of locating households with particular characteristics. We conducted a reverse record check field experiment to test whether a telephone survey using network sampling is feasible to collect crime victimization data. Three types of crimes-burglary, robbery, and assault-were tested along with two types of networks-relatives and co-workers/close friends. This paper examines the extent to which victims report their victimization experiences in a general crime and victimization interview and the extent to which a randomly selected relative or close friend will report the same victimization incident in an identical interview. A number of multiplicity counting rules are compared in terms of reporting errors and a mean square error analysis.