The Role of State-Sponsored Militias in Genocide

This article explains how and why armed, non-state actors collaborate with states to inflict massive levels of violence. Regime type and state capacity interact to provide state elites a menu of repertoires for implementing violence, some emphasizing direct state action, others emphasizing cooperation and alliance between state and armed, non-state actors. Rather than struggling in vain to build strong states to eliminate armed non-state actors and establish a monopoly over the use of force, averting genocide might necessitate recruiting and strengthening the power of indigenous, armed non-state actors.     

FAMILIES,COURTS, AND THE END OF LIFE: SCHIAVO AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FAMILY JUSTICE SYSTEM

The article discusses a proposed universal adoption of comprehensive family law subject matter jurisdiction, inclusive of end‐of‐life (EOL) cases, as articulated in the unified family court (UFC) concept. It posits, using the Schiavo matter to illustrate the difficulties inherent in EOL disputes, that contested EOL cases are unlike other civil court cases in that they involve intimate facts and emotionally laden family dynamics. As such, these cases pose a distinctive challenge for the courts. The article suggests that contested EOL cases should be heard in a UFC because UFCs include alternative dispute resolution (ADR) protocols to deescalate family strife with the goal of facilitating out‐of‐court settlements and that litigation is an imperfect solution for an EOL dispute. It is also noted that judges presiding in UFCs are more experienced in handling fractious family matters and thus they are more likely to avert protracted litigation if the matter is not settled via ADR.     

浅谈加入WTO对我国司法审判的影响及对策

我国已经在2001年11月加入世贸组织。入世不仅会对我国司法审判造成间接影响,亦会带来直接影响。而对入世引致的挑战,我国司法审判除应抓紧清理、修订和完善有关的法律法规,建立健全符合国际规则的法律体系外,还应采取相应的对策,以保证办案公正与效率。     

Reframing Sacred Values

Sacred values differ from material or instrumental values in that they incorporate moral beliefs that drive action in ways dissociated from prospects for success. Across the world, people believe that devotion to essential or core values — such as the welfare of their family and country, or their commitment to religion, honor, and justice — are, or ought to be, absolute and inviolable.
Counterintuitively, understanding an opponent's sacred values, we believe, offers surprising opportunities for breakthroughs to peace. Because of the emotional unwillingness of those in conflict situations to negotiate sacred values, conventional wisdom suggests that negotiators should either leave sacred values for last in political negotiations or should try to bypass them with sufficient material incentives. Our empirical findings and historical analysis suggest that conventional wisdom is wrong. In fact, offering to provide material benefits in exchange for giving up a sacred value actually makes settlement more difficult because people see the offering as an insult rather than a compromise. But we also found that making symbolic concessions of no apparent material benefit might open the way to resolving seemingly irresolvable conflicts.
We offer suggestions for how negotiators can reframe their position by demonstrating respect and/or by apologizing for what they sincerely regret. We also offer suggestions for how to overcome barriers by refining sacred values to exclude outmoded claims, exploiting the inevitable ambiguity of sacred values, shifting the context, provisionally prioritizing values, and reframing responsibility.     

浅析陈仪对二二八事件的危机处理

台湾光复后,政治、经济、社会问题严重,危机四伏,陈仪未能做好危机预警。缉烟事件爆发后,陈仪没有及时将危机控制在最小的范围内,反而镇压游行民众,导致危机扩大蔓延。陈仪通过二二八事件处理委员会安抚民众,从中央调兵镇压,以惨痛的代价平息二二八事件。从危机处理角度来看,在当时的国内大背景及台湾的局势下,陈仪在二二八事件过程中,其处理手段是失败的。二二八事件后虽然提出了诸多善后措施,但还是难以抚平民众的创伤。     

法院调解的“复兴”与未来

进入二十一世纪以来,法院调解制度重新获得重视,有再度兴盛之势。法院调解制度是适应国家治理社会需要的产物。国家社会治理战略的调整必然影响法院调解制度的发展。转型时期社会自我解纷能力低下和社会纠纷的特殊性,决定了法院调解制度将继续发挥社会整合与治理功能。而对法院调解的实证分析表明,该制度的"审判权本位"是影响其功能发挥的重要因素。提高法院调解的制度化程度,构建诉权对审判权的制约机制,是法院调解发展的未来走向。     

Some Themes Arising from the Last Edition of Family Court Review

In the last edition of the FRC, there are a number of articles which highlight ever‐present themes in the many dispute resolution industries. These themes are: The cyclical nature of family law and DR reform to and fro “faster, cheaper, less formal and more accessible”; Access barriers for the poor and middle class; Access barriers due to geography, distance, and cultural differences; Blossoming of a range of “abbreviated” (short and inexpensive) DR services; The essential, yet neglected, task of systematic diagnosis of possible causes of conflict, and of a possible range of helpful interventions: DR practitioners should aim to “at least do no harm”; If a DR practitioner exhibits care, and core communication skills, how much do different processes matter? The Hawthorne effect—all pilot projects tend to succeed?; There is a constant flow of stories, systematic and statistical knowledge in DR industries. Who is listening and translating this flow of information between the various DR silos and to the public?

Key Points for the Family Court Community:
• The repetitive and predictable cycles of family law reform.
• Access to DR services restricted by finances, geography and cultural differences.
• The old saying “at least do no harm” should find a prominent place in all family DR services and training.
• The Hawthorne effect—all pilot and new projects seem to “succeed” for awhile. What follows?
• In the many family DR silos, there are “truths” embodied in stories, systems and statistics. Who can translate helpfully from one silo to another?

     

应收账款转让与应收账款质押冲突问题浅析

商业银行的资产业务不断地发展,传统的授信模式也随之发生改变,以往多以房产抵押或者信用为主,现今增加了担保措施和还款来源。应收账款作为还款来源以及担保措施之一也日益凸显重要性,在实际操作中,主要包括应收账款转让和应收账款质押。为了利益最大化,债权人可能重复处理债权,将债权同时用于转让和质押,以获得更多的融资的情形,二者并存时难免会产生冲突。所以,应从应收账款转让与应收账款质押的基础理论出发,分析相关法律关系以及并存现状,从而对确立冲突解决规则提出建议。     

完善多元化纠纷解决机制的法律思考

在我国现阶段,完善多元化纠纷解决机制必须坚持依法治国的正确方向,在宪法与相关法律法规的指导下来进行相关的制度建设,并不断推进相关立法工作。同时,要注意整合纠纷解决的本土资源和域外经验,处理好诉讼机制与非诉讼机制的关系;加强相关社会组织的建设,以提高非诉讼纠纷解决的公信力;培养社会自治能力,发扬自主、协商精神,形成非诉讼纠纷解决机制的社会基础。     

浅析医疗纠纷案件久拖不决的原因及对策建议

随着我国依法治国方略的不断践行，法制宣传教育的不断深入，公民的法律意识、维权意识在不断提高，医疗纠纷案件也逐年增加。影响案件解决的因素复杂、多样，本文主要从调解解决、司法鉴定环节、法院诉讼几个阶段分析造成医疗纠纷案件久拖不决的原因以及提出相应的对策建议。