Support for Palestinians among Jewish Americans: the importance of education and contact

The violent and protracted Israeli–Palestinian conflict continues, and Jewish Americans play a significant role in influencing related US foreign policy as well as in promoting positive interactions with Palestinians globally. Diaspora populations have played an important role in international peace processes and American Jews are actively involved in peace efforts for Palestinian human rights. Previous research indicates a relationship between views about Israel, knowing Palestinian narratives, and promoting peace processes. Thus, the attitudes and experiences that Jewish Americans have are important to understand and predicting their support for Palestinians. An online internet survey distributed to Jewish listservs (n = 173) measured variables of gender, age, political views, Jewish socialization, family and own attitudes about Israel, courses on the conflict, and having been to the West Bank. Results indicated younger, more liberal Jewish Americans who had taken courses and been to the West Bank predicted more support for Palestinians. Implications for future research and education as an important process in moving the peace process forward both through interpersonal relationships and public policy efforts are discussed.     

Learning to live together: a challenge for schools located in contexts of social vulnerability

Currently, there are many educational centres that demonstrate the need to promote initiatives to improve coexistence at school at the international level, especially in those located in contexts of social vulnerability. A socio-educational programme has been developed, applied and evaluated at a Singular Education Action Centre (Centro de Acción Educativa Singular – C.A.E.S) in the city of Valencia (Spain). To ascertain the programme’s impact and possible generalization to other contexts, a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest design with a control group was used. Information was collected from 297 students and 54 teachers based on questionnaires assessing coexistence at school. The results obtained demonstrate the satisfactory functioning of the programme. The faculty and students from the experimental group affirm the importance of continuing to work in this direction to invest in creating a democratic school that firmly believes in coexistence and participation. Areas for improvement include the need to incorporate actions to increase family participation and develop strategies to facilitate the implementation of a more comprehensive programme.     

国外劳资冲突替代性解决机制研究述评

替代性纠纷解决机制是西方国家解决工作场所劳资冲突的重要手段,也是企业内部人力资源管理的重要内容之一。在对国外劳资冲突替代性解决机制选择的影响因素、实施效果和影响实施效果的情境因素进行系统的回顾与梳理的基础上,研究构建了一个整合性的研究框架,并从替代性解决机制程序本身的特点、程序选择的影响因素、实施效果等方面探讨了劳资冲突替代性解决机制的未来研究方向。     

构建中国本土化ADR制度的思考

在当代,随着社会主体在价值观和文化传统及利益冲突上的多元性,多元化纠纷解决机制的建立已经成为一个世界性的课题.各国通常把法院以外的各种非诉讼纠纷解决方式统称为替代性纠纷解决方式(ADR).ADR的研究和利用已经成为一种方兴未艾的时代潮流,并发展成为多元化纠纷解决机制的重要组成部分.当代中国的ADR与世界各国一样,处在日新月异的发展之中,同时,中国的ADR及整个纠纷解决机制还面临和经历着特殊的重构过程.西方国家成熟的ADR制度或许可以为我们提供某些技术设计层面的参考,然而,中国目前首先需要解决的问题是:我国在现阶段应用和倡导ADR制度是否合乎时宜?我们应该如何构建一个既兼顾法律文化传统又符合当今司法理念的中国化的ADR制度?将结合上述问题进行研究和探讨.     

人民信访制度的现代重构

人民信访是具有中国特色的民愿表达和纠纷解决机制,它在当前面临着法律上和现实上的困境,需要积极进行重新设计和调整.建立人大主导之下的一元信访体制,是比较合理和可行的选择.在健全国家层面信访监督的同时,还要注意调动和发挥其他相关制度的积极作用.     

Attachment Styles, Conflict Perception, and Adolescents' Strategies of Coping with Interpersonal Conflict

In this study, we examined the relationships between and among adolescents' attachment styles, conflict perceptions, and strategies for coping with conflicts with their peers. The study participants were 146 pupils at a junior high school who completed self-report questionnaires about their attachment styles (secure, anxious, or avoidant), conflict coping styles (avoiding, dominating, obliging, compromising, and integrating), and conflict perceptions (positive or negative), as well as social and academic status and the frequency with which they and their friends were involved in conflicts.
We found strong, statistically significant correlations between attachment style, coping strategy, and conflict perception. Generally, participants whose secure attachment scores were higher reported that they held more positive attitudes toward conflict, used more cooperative strategies to cope with conflicts, and were involved in conflicts less often; they also seemed to be less obliging and more dominating in their coping strategies. Avoidant attachment adolescents in our study displayed more negative conflict perceptions and made greater use of dominating strategies.
We also found that participants' conflict perceptions mediated the relationship between their attachment styles and coping styles. Because it is generally easier to change attitudes than it is to change attachment styles, which are more fixed, our findings suggest that changing adolescents' conflict perceptions, through school curricula, for example, may be an effective way to improve their ability to cope with conflict.     

The Next Generation: Creating New Peace Processes in the Middle East

This essay describes how Israeli students in a course on mediation and consensus building taught in an Israeli university law department by an American law professor and an Israeli instructor analyzed and studied the conflict in the Middle East. It describes the suggestions they made for process design for the next stages of whatever peace process might emerge for the region. In light of the students' suggestions, the authors present some ideas as to how different approaches to reconciliation and peace might be used, managed, and coordinated.     

股东大会决议瑕疵诉前救济制度建构

股份有限公司股东大会决议瑕疵的诉前救济制度在我国立法中未有涉及,立法规定的空白导致了司法介入的困难,而该制度是中小股东权益保护中的一项重要内容。从股东大会决议瑕疵入手,挖掘股东大会制度中各程序性规定的得失,比较各国的经验性规则,提出适合我国国情的股东大会决议瑕疵之诉前救济方式,并为我国公司立法提供修正意见,以更充分地保护股东权。     

略谈我国未成年人犯罪的社会原因及司法对策

当今未成年人犯罪呈现出新的特点,即犯罪主体低龄化、类型多元化、组织团伙化、内容复杂化。要更好的预防和减少青少年犯罪,现阶段我们应在侦查起诉阶段建立人格调查制度,为定罪量刑提供具体的人格依据;在审判阶段应转变审判方式、刑罚适用非监禁化;在执行阶段积极推行社区矫正的服刑方式;对多数犯罪应建立刑事污点消除制度并在全社会建立健全社会保障机制。     

Credibility and Strategy in International Mediation

We study mediation in international conflict as a process of strategic interaction among the two disputants and the (would-be) mediator. We develop a rational model that examines the choice, process, and outcome of mediation. We start with a conflict game of incomplete information played by rational players that examines the conditions under which disputants and would-be mediators would consider mediation a preferred strategy. The mediation game that follows models the mediator's choice of mediation strategy and the possible responses of the disputants offers. Finally, we explore the conditions under which a mediated solution emerges and the conditions under which mediation fails.

The credibility of the mediator—defined as the extent to which disputants believe the mediator's statements, threats, or promises and her ability to deliver the promised agreement—emerges as a key factor that drives the model. Each disputant has an assessment of the mediator's credibility. Broadly speaking, the more credible the mediator is perceived by the disputant, the more accepting the disputant will be of her offers. Yet, the mediator does not know how credible she is in the view of the disputants. This uncertainty affects the mediator's decision to intervene and her choice of strategies. We derive testable propositions from this model and test them on a dataset consisting of mediation efforts in international conflicts over the years 1945–1995. The findings generally support the propositions derived from the model, and we explore the theoretical and empirical implications of these findings.