犯罪：环境诱因与人格缺陷的结合——杨佳案件心理分析

近十几年来,中国发生过不少起恶性的暴力杀人案。这些案犯的作案动机和理由不外乎恶意报复,或心理变态,或黑社会的亡命之徒恣意妄为。唯独杨佳案,因其作案对象、作案地点、作案手段等众多的特殊性,而令其作案动机蒙上一层迷雾。那么,究竟是什么原因导致了杨佳的残暴的犯罪行为？对于了解杨仕的犯罪心理和犯罪行为,如果从环境诱因和人格缺陷的结合的角度来探讨,可能可以给我们一些启示,并为预防此类恶性案件的再次发生有所帮助。     

试论环境资源有偿使用原则

环境资源有偿使用原则体现了环境资源的经济价值与生态价值属性,并与“污染者付费”原则相契合。我国逐步发展了环境资源有偿使用的方式,并体现在相关的法律法规之中。但是我国的环境资源法中缺乏对该原则较为具体的制度设计,需要进一步通过立法予以完善。     

浅析恢复性司法理念在未成年人刑事诉讼中的中国化

恢复性司法是近年来我国刑事法研究的一个热点问题,源自北美作为刑事司法程序替代程序的恢复性司法,与中国的传统法治观念存在着暗合和分野,在未成年人刑事诉讼中构建刑事损害赔偿调解制度对借鉴恢复性司法的核心理念具有现实意义。     

析《规划环境影响评价条例》

《规划环境影响评价条例》的颁布是我国环境立法的重大进展。它对进一步规范和促进规划环境影响评价工作,切实保障在规划源头预防环境污染和生态破坏,健全环境影响评价制度具有重要意义。与环境影响评价法相比,该务例有很多亮点,但仍存在一些缺陷。针对其存在的问题,如何强化公众参与、完善规划审查、强化法律责任、增加替代方案等,将是今后条例完善应重点探讨的问题。     

生态文明时代的法理

人类解决个体与整体之间关系的法则主要有自然法则作用下的有力者居之、个人主义的"有理者居之"和团体主义的"共享而后自有之"三种。以"弱肉强食"为特点的有力者居之与当今人类文明进步的发展方向背道而驰,不应成为生态文明时代的选择。"有理者居之"在当代表现为有权者居之,而权利内容的增加和权利主体的增加都只能使业已紧张的人与自然的矛盾加剧。权利对保护环境的积极作用只对全部环境利益中的极小部分有效。"共享而后自有之"是应对环境危机的最佳选择,是生态文明时代应遵循的社会法则。"共享而后自有之"法则所规定的生态文明时代的法理的核心内容有三点,即适应自然、整体优先和义务本位。     

通过民事合同的农村环保监管——约束条件下农村环保监管的实现方式

过去以工业和城市为中心的环保监管夸大了城乡生态环境问题的同质性,没有建立起适应农村生态环境真实情况的环保监管制度。农村环保监管面临三个基本的现实约束,制约着农村环保监管制度的实效。民事合同在农村环保监管中具有普遍性和源头治理地位。借助民事合同的约定可构建农村环保内部监管,通过政府(法院)、社会公众的外部监督可达致农村环保外部监管,从而形成了通过民事合同的多中心农村环保监管模式。     

论农业补贴的农村环境保护功能——以欧美农业补贴制度的比较为视角

近年来欧盟和美国的农业补贴法律和政策的调整,显示出农业补贴具有维持和改善的双重农村环境保护功能,是农村环境保护激励机制发挥作用的重要媒介。我国农业补贴制度和环境保护制度应有机结合,充分发挥农业补贴的农村环境保护功能。     

完善我国环境税法律制度的思考

目前,环境与发展的矛盾成为制约各国可持续发展的“瓶颈”。因此,开征环境税,建立和完善环境税法律制度是我国改善环境治理现状的必然选择。汲取西方发达国家环境税法律制度的宝贵经验,结合中国本土实际,应从妥善协调环境税费关系、改革目前有关税种、开征专项环境税、采用合适的税式支出方式、改进环境税收优惠政策等方面进行研究和探索。     

Mechanisms of environmental policy change in a federal system: The case of open federalism and the 2006–15 Harper government

Between 2006 and 2011, the Canadian Conservative government advocated the concept of ‘open federalism’ which sought to minimize the role of the federal government in areas falling under provincial jurisdiction. Environmental policy-making was particularly impacted with the passage of the highly contentious 2012 omnibus Jobs, Growth and Long-term Prosperity Act, commonly known as Bill C-38. This paper argues that environmental policy needs to ‘bring back federalism’ into their analysis. In order to do so, a mechanisms approach is employed and focuses on the role of both macro and meso level historical institutionalism mechanisms in explaining policy layering and policy dismantling during this period.     

Holding Back the Storm: Target Populations and State Climate Adaptation Planning in America

This paper investigates the landscape of state‐level adaptation planning in the United States. We answer three primary research questions: First, how are states planning for climate change? Second, who are states targeting for climate adaptation? Third, what tools are states using to motivate climate adaptation efforts? We develop and implement a coding scheme using Schneider and Ingram’s Social Construction Framework (SCF) to characterize variation in 2033 individual adaptation goals mentioned in all 14 American states with explicit adaptation plans. We use these data to understand the types of tools used to motivate different actors (governmental, private, nonprofit) to adapt to climate change. We find that the most frequent target of state adaptation planning is the state itself, which provides an opportunity to extend the SCF to a target group often not mentioned in public policy. Specifically, we find that states target themselves with mandates or tools designed to acquire information. Other stakeholders in adaptation are more likely to be the targets of capacity building tools. Private actors are the only population more likely to be targeted by incentives. The project expands the Social Construction Framework to include targets and tools of planning efforts. Practically, our article offers a methodology by which to compare the vastly heterogeneous efforts to adapt to climate change at the subnational level.