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921.
鉴于"醉酒型"危险驾驶罪在《刑法修正案(八)》施行一年之际暴露出的诸多困境,司法实践应从出罪途径和量刑标准两个方面来破解定罪界限与量刑失衡现状:通过反证抽象危险的不存在及适用总则第13条来构建合理的出罪路径,以期坚守司法理性和刑法的谦抑性;通过量刑规范化来统一量刑标准和程序参与,确定从量刑起点直至宣告刑中各个环节的标准和影响幅度。从而"以看得见的形式"实现量刑的规范和公正,最大限度地实现司法的公正、效率和社会认可。 相似文献
922.
曹玉玉 《山西警官高等专科学校学报》2013,21(1):26-29
片面共犯由于违背共同故意要件因而不属于共同犯罪,其不能对保险诈骗罪第4款的法律性质作出合理的解释。保险诈骗罪第4款既不属于法律拟制和注意规定,也不属于想象竞合和法规竞合,其是法律文本主义的当然解释,亦是大竞合理论下,适用从一重处断原则的当然结果。 相似文献
923.
韩力君 《山西省政法管理干部学院学报》2013,(3):167-168
近年来,金融类犯罪案件高发,新型金融犯罪案件层出不穷,严重危害金融管理秩序以及金融交易安全。文章通过对金融犯罪案件的主要特点、案发原因的分析,提出遏制和防范金融犯罪、维护金融安全的对策。 相似文献
924.
吴宗宪 《河南司法警官职业学院学报》2013,(4):28-32
大学教科书《监狱学导论》全书划分为六编,强调独特性或者独创性的内容。在写作本书的过程中,特别重视对于监狱学基本知识的论述。在论述很多内容时,不仅描述“是什么”,还着意论述“为什么”,而“为什么”的内容往往体现出较为突出的理论色彩。监狱的三大有形构成要素是监狱设施、监狱工作者和被监禁的罪犯。在这三大有形构成要素中,最关键、最重要的有形构成要素是监狱工作者。在理论构建上,提出了“犯因性差异理论”。 相似文献
925.
Peter Arthur 《Canadian journal of African studies》2013,47(3):427-430
This article discusses several problematic aspects of the call for reparations to Africa for the slave trade. The call for reparations is based on questionable interpretations of international law, and questionable interpretations of history. There are debates regarding both the numbers of slaves, and the characteristics of slavery, in the Americas, the Arab world, and Africa itself, which influence consideration of whether reparations are justified. There are also debates regarding both the contribution of the trans-Atlantic slave trade to Western development, and how the trade under-developed Africa. Thus, the call for reparations is heavily based on a counterfactual approach. Nevertheless, serious discussion of whether the West owes reparations to Africa for the slave trade might deflect the future consequences of political resentment of the West in Africa. 相似文献
926.
关于追缴犯罪所得的国际司法合作问题研究 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
作者根据我国目前在追缴犯罪所得方面国际司法合作的实践,列举了五个急需通过国内立法或者国际协议加以解决的问题,即:⑴如何根据外国的刑事司法协助请求对银行帐户资金实行扣划或者对有关的不动产实行处置;⑵如何在有关的追缴和返还合作中切实保护善意第三人和潜在权利人的合法权益;⑶如何在案犯外逃的情况下决定对属于犯罪所得的财产予以追缴和没收;⑷如何合理确定追缴程序中的举证责任;⑸如何处理发生在追缴合作中的费用补偿和收益分享问题。文章对外国的有关法律制度以及国际条约的相关规定进行了介绍和比较研究,在此基础上,就上述问题的解决提出如下建议:完善我国刑事诉讼中对赃款赃物的“简易处置”制度,增加配套的法院裁决程序;在我国建立承认与执行外国刑事罚没裁决的司法审查制度;在特定情况下将附带民事诉讼程序前移,并在条件成熟时设立独立的财产没收程序;变通现行的证据制度,要求特定案件中的财物持有人或者关系人承担关于合法来源或者善意享有的证明责任;本着互惠和务实的精神处理被追缴财物的国际分享问题,建立专门的基金组织将分享的资金转换为开展有关国际合作的资源。 相似文献
927.
Defining “neighborhoods” is a bedeviling challenge faced by all studies of neighborhood effects and ecological models of social processes. Although scholars frequently lament the inadequacies of the various existing definitions of “neighborhood,” we argue that previous strategies relying on nonoverlapping boundaries such as block groups and tracts are fundamentally flawed. The approach taken here instead builds on insights of the mental mapping literature, the social networks literature, the daily activities pattern literature, and the travel to crime literature to propose a new definition of neighborhoods: egohoods. These egohoods are conceptualized as waves washing across the surface of cities, as opposed to independent units with nonoverlapping boundaries. This approach is illustrated using crime data from nine cities: Buffalo, Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Dallas, Los Angeles, Sacramento, St. Louis, and Tucson. The results show that measures aggregated to our egohoods explain more of the variation in crime across the social environment than do models with measures aggregated to block groups or tracts. The results also suggest that measuring inequality in egohoods provides dramatically stronger positive effects on crime rates than when using the nonoverlapping boundary approach, highlighting the important new insights that can be obtained by using our egohood approach. 相似文献
928.
This research explains the temporal clustering of hate crimes. It is hypothesized that many hate crimes are retaliatory in nature and tend to increase, sometimes dramatically, in the aftermath of an antecedent event that results in one group harboring a grievance against another. Three types of events are used to test and refine the argument: 1) contentious criminal trials involving interracial crimes, 2) lethal terrorist attacks, and 3) appellate court decisions concerning same‐sex marriage. The results from time‐series analyses indicate that contentious trial verdicts and lethal domestic terrorist attacks precede spikes in racially or religiously motivated hate crimes, whereas less evidence is found for antigay hate crimes after appellate court rulings that grant rights to same‐sex partners. The model put forth in this article complements prior work by explaining in part the timing of hate crime clusters. 相似文献
929.
Although prior research has had a tendency to confirm a negative association between religiousness and crime, criminologists have been slow to incorporate new concepts and emergent issues from the scientific study of religion into their own research. The self‐identity phrase “spiritual but not religious” is one of them, which has been increasingly used by individuals who claim to be “spiritual” but disassociate themselves from organized religion. This study first examines differences in crime between “spiritual‐but‐not‐religious” individuals and their “religious‐and‐spiritual,” “religious‐but‐not‐spiritual,” and “neither‐religious‐nor‐spiritual” peers in emerging adulthood. Specifically, we hypothesize that the spiritual‐but‐not‐religious young adults are more prone to crime than their “religious” counterparts, while expecting them to be different from the “neither” group without specifying whether they are more or less crime prone. Second, the expected group differences in crime are hypothesized to be explained by the microcriminological theories of self‐control, social bonding, and general strain. Latent‐variable structural equation models were estimated separately for violent and property crimes using the third wave of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. The overall results tend to provide a partial support for the hypotheses. Implications for criminology and future research are discussed. 相似文献
930.
ILYA ZELDES 《国际比较与应用刑事审判杂志》2013,37(1):15-28
This article examines some statistical data concerning juvenile delinquency in the USSR, analyzes social and demographic characteristics of juvenile delinquents, and describes special methods of preventing and combating juvenile delinquency in the USSR.
In those cases when the article does not contain direct references to the source of the data, the author cites the results of various research studies which are in his possession. 相似文献