Schools and the prevention of petty crime: Search for a missing link

Earlier research on the relation between school features and petty crime suggests that schools can intentionally influence the crime rate of the pupils. These findings were the starting point for a Dutch study at secondary schools of the same type in Dutch towns. The study focused on effects on the delinquency of third-year low-stream pupils (aged 15–17). For the study a control theory was formulated, a conditional control theory, which, in contrast to Hirschi's social control theory, recognizes possible delinquent influences of the pupils' network. In the study a strong statistical relation between integration of pupils in school and petty crime was found. However, I found almost no influence of the studied school features on integration and petty crime. These results led to the question whether the real important feature of schools had been neglected in the study. This seems not to be the case. A multilevel analysis shows that it is unlikely that there is major impact of schools on the integration of pupils, on delinquency, or on the relationship between integration and delinquency. This can be the result of special aspects of the Dutch school system and of the neglect of theory in earlier research.     

Gender and Disorder Specific Criminal Career Profiles in Former Adolescent Psychiatric In-Patients

A Norwegian nation-wide sample of 1087 former adolescent psychiatric in-patients, 584 males and 503 females, were followed up 15–33 years after first hospitalization. On the basis of detailed hospital records from index hospitalization all were rediagnosed according to DSM-IV. The patient list was linked to the national criminal register and the diagnostic groups were compared as to gender-specific frequency of registered criminality. Next, the criminal career characteristics were compared in those with criminal records at follow-up, relative to mental disorder at index hospitalization. The prevalence of registered criminality, both overall and for specific types of crimes, differed significantly between diagnostic groups and between genders. In both genders criminal convictions were most frequent in disruptive behavior disorders and personality disorders. Among males, the lowest violent crime rate was observed in those with psychotic disorders. Males had more severe criminal careers than females, both quantitatively and qualitatively. The diagnoses and criminal profiles of the 10 most active criminals in the study sample were described closer, as were the 11 individuals found guilty of homicide.     

性骚扰行为探讨

性骚扰是指向他人发出不受欢迎的性信息。性骚扰行为会损害受害人身体、精神健康 ,导致受害人情绪消极 ,降低受害人交际能力 ,影响受害人婚姻关系 ,造成受害人经济损失 ,影响受害人职业发展。性骚扰受害人应认识性骚扰者的心理状态 ,冷静处理性骚扰行为 ,向性骚扰者明确态度 ,并且积极寻求帮助 ,以规避性骚扰行为的侵害。     

论社会治安防控体系的概念、属性及结构模式

社会治安防控体系是指公安机关依据系统论，运用社会控制理论和系统工程方法，整合内部警力与社会资源，以社区警务为基础，以全时空巡逻防控为基本勤务方式，以刑侦防控为首要环节，形成统一指挥、互相配合、信息共享、协调运转，集打击、防范、管理、控制、服务等多种功能为一体，能对社会治安实施综合控制的警务工作系统。其基本属性是系统论，表现在整体性、层次性与开放性三个方面。社会治安防控体系的结构模式可归结为北京模式、廊坊模式和昆明模式三类。     

知识产权犯罪人实证研究

知识产权犯罪人是指实施了侵犯他人知识产权的违法犯罪行为 ,应当被采取预防和矫治措施的人 ,既包括自然人 ,也包括单位。知识产权犯罪人与知识产权被害人之间具有互动关系。知识产权权利人应有针对性地防范知识产权犯罪。     

巨额财产来源不明罪量刑畸轻的危害

巨额财产来源不明罪的设立 ,对打击犯罪曾经起过积极作用。但随着经济的发展和时间的推移 ,腐败分子巨额财产来源不明的现象却屡禁不止、愈演愈烈 ,重要原因之一是由于刑法规定的该罪的量刑幅度畸轻。这不仅违背了罪刑相适应的原则 ,放纵了犯罪 ,而且为执法者徇私枉法开了方便之门。建议立法机构比照贪污、受贿罪的量刑进行修改 ,提高法定刑、增加量刑档次。     

对不健康文献对未成年入犯罪诱导情况的调查

不健康文献对未成年人犯罪的影响大部分表现为间接影响。未成年人接触不健康文献的年龄段集中在 12周岁～ 16周岁 ;他们喜欢接触描写凶杀、暴力、色情等内容的不健康文献 ;所接触的不健康文献既有合法的 ,又有非法的 ;主要通过影院、录像厅等场所接触视听型不健康文献 ;他们接触不健康文献后有强烈的模仿愿望 ;加之管理者对其管理不力 ,致使其走上违法犯罪道路。     

非法拘禁罪及其立法之质疑

非法拘禁罪是严重侵害公民人身权利的犯罪 ,对其构成要件的分析有助于对非法拘禁罪的认定。非法拘禁罪的立法本身存在一定的缺陷 ,这是需要解决的问题 ,非法拘禁罪的刑事立法应予完善。     

论加强犯罪研究

加强犯罪研究,应面对现实,承认现实,进行专题性研究。必须系统了解犯罪现状,认识犯罪的特点与规律,研究犯罪原因,才能科学有效地制定预防与控制犯罪的对策。应深化犯罪研究,提高决策的科学性;加强市场管理,强化预防和控制犯罪的功能;加强立法,依法管理;强化政府管理职能,抓好宏观管理;加强宣传教育工作,尤其是对青少年的法制观念和道德教育。加强犯罪研究,还应进行预防犯罪研究;要进一步加强对犯罪趋势的研究,做好犯罪发生的预测工作。     

公共管理的理论源流与变革

通过“新公共管理运动”而从传统公共行政理论范式中分化出来的“公共管理”，体现了一种新的理论范式整合。传统的公共行政，以韦伯的官僚制来破解庇护主义，以政治／行政分开来化解政党分肥，以官制度来建构行政组织的基本规范，以泰勒主义来保证效率行政的主导地位。这种行政改进逐渐变成公共行政中的教条主义。结果，官僚制成了官僚主义的代名词，政治／行政两分成了“两张皮”，官制度变成了族主义，效率主导变成了缺乏效果的效率。求解这些疑难导致了传统公共行政范式向“新公共管理”范式的转移。而突出公共性、现代性和综合性的公共管理的理论建构，就是以公共行政为底色而对新公共管理或管理主义、政策分析以及20世纪80年代兴起的公共治理理论的一次理论整合。