适用社区服务令制度惩处轻微犯罪行为的构想

由于社区服务令制度具有经济补偿及协助违法者心理康复的双重作用,因此我国应将其用于处罚轻微犯罪行为人。对于轻微犯罪行为,偏重于教育而不是惩罚的社区服务令制度具有巨大的优越性,体现了刑罚的个别化,减缓了刑罚的报应本能,给刑法生硬的面孔带来了温情的一面。     

我国行刑社会化进程中存在的问题及完善对策

近年来,我国一直在探求和实践着行刑社会化理念,虽然取得了一定成效,但与行刑社会化较发达的国家相比尚存在差距。因此,应当在刑法人道性、谦抑性等价值理念的指引下,准确把握我国行刑社会化进程中的突出问题并有效地予以改进和完善。     

犯罪现场反常情况的成因

犯罪现场反常情况是侦查初期开展侦查工作的一大障碍;但只要找准其成因,并运用正确的方法加以识别和排除,据此展开侦查反而会成为侦破案件的一条捷径。犯罪现场反常情况的形成原因一般包括犯罪人的伪装、偶然因素的介入、环境因素、犯罪人的特殊犯罪目的、犯罪分子的附带作案心理等方面。     

Childhood and Adolescent Predictors of Late Onset Criminal Careers

This study explores the emergence of a criminal career in adulthood. The main hypothesis tested is that late criminal onset (at age 21 or later) is influenced by early factors that delay antisocial manifestations. The Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development (CSDD) was used to examine early determinants of criminal behavior. 400 Inner London males were followed from ages 8–10 to 48–50, and were classified as follows: 35 late onsetters who were first convicted at age 21 or later, and did not have high self-reported delinquency at ages 10–14 and 15–18; 129 early onsetters first convicted between ages 10 and 20; and 236 unconvicted males. Odds ratios and logistic regression analyses revealed that the best predictors of late onset offenders compared with early onset offenders included nervousness, having few friends at ages 8–10, and not having sexual intercourse by age 18. The best predictors of late onset offenders compared with nonoffenders included teacher-rated anxiousness at ages 12–14 and high neuroticism at age 16. It is concluded that being nervous and withdrawn protected boys against offending in adolescence but that these protective effects tended to wear off after age 21. These findings show that adult offending can be predicted from childhood, and suggest that early intervention might prevent a variety of maladjustment problems and difficulties in adult life.

日本诉因制度论略

诉因制度是日本刑事诉讼法借鉴大陆法系职权主义诉讼程序和英美法系对抗主义诉讼程序的一项独创.主要探讨诉因的基本涵义、诉因与相关范畴的关系、诉因在日本刑事诉讼中的运行规则、诉因的主要功能及其对我国刑事诉讼的借鉴意义.在刑事诉讼中,诉因可以协调控诉方、裁判方和辩护方在刑事诉讼中的相互关系,不但有利于制约公诉机关的起诉变更权,而且有利于防止司法权滥用和保障辩护权的有效行使.在当前我国刑事诉讼程序由职权主义向对抗主义转变的过程中,借鉴日本的诉因制度有利于克服我国刑事司法实践中的某些缺陷和弊端.     

秘密侦查性质的多维解读

传统上我国学术界普遍从手段或措施的角度对秘密侦查予以认识。这种认识缺陷导致人们对秘密侦查“神秘化”,秘密侦查法治化状况极差。从诉讼法理上而言,秘密侦查的性质应为一种侦查行为和诉讼行为,它具有自身的特征,与强制侦查行为和技术侦查行为有一定的区别。     

论我国刑事初查制度的缺陷及改革方向

我国的刑事初查制度在司法实践形成并发挥了打击犯罪的积极作用,但由于缺乏明确的法律依据和规范体系而存在诸多制度缺陷,从一开始就备受争议。从根本上克服这一缺陷不能仅从完善初查制度本身入手,而应考虑改革我国的立案程序,建立随机型刑事侦查模式。     

论恐怖主义犯罪的动机特征

犯罪目的与犯罪动机不同,前者通常决定犯罪的定性,而后者虽然对犯罪的量刑产生影响,但并不影响犯罪的定性。在西方国家的理念中,动机与目的并没有严格区分开来,两个概念的措词常常混用。鉴于此,如果以西方的实在法或理论研究为基础来探讨恐怖主义犯罪的目的,则有必要对恐怖主义犯罪的动机特征进行必要的分析。     

刑法第306条的理性解读

刑法第306条是对刑事辩护权的限制和对律师职业的歧视,它被形象地称为悬在辩护律师头上的一把达摩克利斯之剑.对比刑法其他相关条文,不难发现刑事辩护在我国遭受立法歧视的现实.刑事辩护没有空间,究其原因一是因为在中国立法活动被异化为纯粹的权力、利益的较量.二是中国缺乏公正对待刑事辩护的土壤:制度上中国不具备弹劾式诉讼构造和正当程序模式;理念上中国没有真正贯彻无罪推定的原则和人权保障的价值观念;更深层次的原因是中国缺乏法治文化.     

The Penal Voluntary Sector in England and Wales: Adaptation to Unsettlement and Austerity

This article draws on some findings from research which investigated penal voluntary sector adaptation to the mixed market in criminal justice services. The article firstly reprises the main trends for aligning state relationships with the voluntary sector from the 1980s to the present. We then outline some findings about adaptive experiences, situations and practices of the voluntary sector in criminal justice resettlement in the light of considerable upheaval. The research found that service providing voluntary sector organisations (VSOs) either outwardly comply with, or, in a minority of cases, actively embrace, competitive marketised models of service delivery. Secondly, the sector has normalised commercial approaches to organisational efficiency as well as aligned with bureaucratic practices common to the statutory sector. Despite charges that they are effectively co‐opted by both state and market interests, many have reported conflicts between prioritising long‐term financial viability with their founding ‘ethos and values’. We conclude that while many VSOs have successfully adjusted to market and bureaucratic norms, aspects of that repositioning have been at a cost to their traditions of relative autonomy, localism and distinctiveness, to the possible detriment of a vigorous civil society.