Just punishments: Guideline sentences and normative consensus

The federal sentencing guidelines prescribe ranges of sentences to be given to persons convicted of felonies in the federal criminal courts. The U.S. Sentencing Commission wrote the guidelines attempting to make sentences conform to community views of appropriate punishments, along with several other criteria. Employing data from a 1994 national sample of adult Americans, designed as a factorial survey, the degree of correspondence is shown between guidelines sentences and those desired by the American public. Although at the individual level only a modest degree of concordance was found, the central tendencies of public opinion (median sentences) were found to correspond quite closely to the guidelines sentences. The major points of disagreement centered around drug trafficking crimes: the guidelines prescribed very long sentences for those crimes and distinguished sharply among trafficking in heroin, powder cocaine, and crack, whereas median sentences desired by the public were much lower and did not distinguish sharply among trafficking in those drugs. We interpret the findings as indicating that the guidelines sentences conform reasonably closely to American normative consensus concerning the sentencing of federal felons.The research reported in this article was commissioned by the U.S. Sentencing Commission. The views expressed in this article are not necessarily endorsed by the Commission. Full expositions of the findings from the national survey used are given by Rossi and Berk (1995, 1997).     

“第三条道路“思潮对我国青年的影响及对策

从正面看,"第三条道路"思潮有利于青年了解国外动态,培养民主务实的思想;但其负面影响却是迷惑青年模糊意识形态的区别,蛊惑青年放弃对社会主义的追求,助长青年狭隘个人主义、享乐主义的滋生.应该以马克思主义理论为指导,鼓励青年把理论和实践结合起来,引导青年认清"第三条道路"思潮的本质.     

从“去文学化”走向“专业化”

应用写作课程不放弃对文学的依赖性,就没有自身的独立性,就没有本课程的个性.在中外应用写作教学的成功经验中,也往往是"去文学化"越彻底,课程的个性就越鲜明,越具有自我的魅力,也越具有范型的意义.应用写作教学在"去文学化"之后,应该关注技术操作流程,这并非要忽略与牺牲写作主体的人文涵养,忽略日积月累的素质与功底,而恰恰是尊重课程特性,为学生安装简单实用的"驱动程序",让学生容易上手,从而加强课程的有效性.     

论期待可能性理论对我国犯罪构成理论的借鉴意义

期待可能性理论是大陆法系国家的刑法理论 ,在我国鲜有研究。笔者认为 ,期待可能性理论有其自身的合理性 ,对我国传统的犯罪构成理论具有借鉴意义 ,我国刑法应当引进。     

建立和完善中国特色的侦查学科学体系之构想

侦查学是研究侦查活动规律及方法的一门综合性应用科学,是公安学(即警察学)的一个分支。完善的中国侦查学科学体系应当有六个部分组成,即侦查学基础理论部分、侦查程序部分、侦查基础建设部分、侦查对策部分、侦查技术部分、侦查方法部分。     

Procedural justice at German courts as seen by defendants and juvenile prisoners

The article summarizes German research on procedural and distributive justice at criminal courts. The first German field studies addressing these topics are presented. Procedural justice characteristics like neutrality, courtesy, equal consideration of evidence, voice, and fairness of procedural rules are relevant for Germans. A study on juvenile prisoners shows no support for equity theory and some for the Group Value model. Lay assessors receive positive evaluations by juvenile prisoners.     

欠发达地区农村基层党组织建设的困境与出路

必须以"三个代表"重要思想为指导,以战略眼光和全局性思维审视当前农村党建工作中的薄弱环节,找准病症的引发根源,统筹兼顾,创新农村基层党组织的设置方式和工作方式,不断增强党组织的凝聚力和战斗力.     

广东冰毒等精神类毒品犯罪的犯罪场域分析

近五年来广东冰毒等新型精神类毒品犯罪发生了新变化,如何解释这一阶段性变化,合理预测广东此类犯罪的发展趋势,进而提出相关对策,其理论与实践意义颇大。借助犯罪场与市场犯罪的理论框架,解读广东经验,无疑会加深我国与此类犯罪作斗争的长期性认识。     

侵犯知识产权刑事案件若干法律问题探讨

依据最高两院《关于办理侵犯知识产权刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》,科学认定“非法经营数额”、“销售金额”和“违法所得数额”是审理侵犯知识产权刑事案件准确定罪量刑的关键。同时,还应当注意区分侵犯知识产权犯罪与生产、销售伪劣产品犯罪之间及侵犯知识产权具体犯罪之间的牵连、竞合关系。从完善立法的角度考虑,严格限定侵犯商业秘密有关犯罪的犯罪对象、规范侵犯知识产权刑事案件的管辖权也是需要注意的问题。     

侦破绑架人质案的博弈论原则——以“3·8”特大持枪持械绑架人质案为例

在刑事侦查中,博弈论也有应用的广阔天地.以九江"3·8"特大持枪持械绑架人质案为例进行分析,该案的成功侦破从博弈全局和博弈战略的角度上来看,体现了博弈"全胜"、"先胜"和"制胜"的三大原则,从博弈局部和博弈战术角度来看,则体现了博弈"先知与主动"、"集兵与造势"、"击弱与出奇"、"应变与拙速"和"动敌与用地"五大原则.