行政执法证据刑事司法化的现实性浅析

刑事诉讼法在立法层面上首次对行政执法证据司法化予以肯定,但是行政执法证据如何向刑事司法证据合理转化,转化后司法机关如何使用,以及证明效力的延续性等我国法律实践中亟需解决的难题却没有得到根本解决。文章分析了行政执法证据向刑事司法证据转化的必要性和证据转化的种类、方法、规则等,并提出对司法实践具有积极意义的证据转化制度。     

刑事立案监督中存在的问题及对策

刑事立案监督是人民检察院对侦查机关的刑事立案活动进行的监督。然而,这一权力在实际运行中还存在诸多问题,文章提出了解决刑事立案监督问题的对策：拓宽刑事立案监督线索来源渠道;创新工作机制,深入开展监督工作;健全立案监督的内部工作机制。     

刑事拘留引起的国家赔偿与赔偿监督

由于我国刑事诉讼法的规定和公安机关办案程序的原因,公安机关撤销案件的法律依据缺位,对公安机关采取刑事拘留措施后引起的国家赔偿和检察机关赔偿监督造成很大的困扰,文章提出解决现实困境的设想:公安机关撤销指控或出具《侦查终结告知书》。     

逮捕条件中的社会危险性问题探究

逮捕的社会危险性条件是刑事诉讼法修改的一项重要内容,是逮捕条件的进一步细化,也是刑事诉讼法尊重和保障人权、保障犯罪嫌疑人合法权益、落实宽严相济刑事司法政策、慎捕等执法理念的重要体现。对于逮捕条件中的社会危险性,应结合案件的证据情况,通过对法条的五项社会危险性规定逐项进行准确把握。     

刑事诉讼法中及时性原则刍议

及时性原则作为联合国刑事司法准则之一,已成为各国指导诉讼效率和期间的基本准则,我国先后两次修订《刑事诉讼法》对及时性原则均有所体现,但未予以实质性加强,一些问题仍亟待解决。     

论审查起诉阶段刑事和解模式的构建

2013年1月1日生效的新《刑事诉讼法》在特殊程序一章中,首次确立了当事人和解的公诉案件诉讼程序,这标志着运行多年的刑事和解制度在立法上获得了确认。审查起诉阶段的刑事和解是刑事和解制度的重要组成部分,也是检察权运行的重要载体。基于对该阶段检察机关作用的实践考察,刑事和解实践模式可分为检察机关参与模式和主导模式。通过对这两种实践模式的理论分析,指出未来审查起诉阶段刑事和解应当以能动监督模式作为发展方向。     

关于追缴犯罪所得的国际司法合作问题研究

作者根据我国目前在追缴犯罪所得方面国际司法合作的实践,列举了五个急需通过国内立法或者国际协议加以解决的问题,即:⑴如何根据外国的刑事司法协助请求对银行帐户资金实行扣划或者对有关的不动产实行处置;⑵如何在有关的追缴和返还合作中切实保护善意第三人和潜在权利人的合法权益;⑶如何在案犯外逃的情况下决定对属于犯罪所得的财产予以追缴和没收;⑷如何合理确定追缴程序中的举证责任;⑸如何处理发生在追缴合作中的费用补偿和收益分享问题。文章对外国的有关法律制度以及国际条约的相关规定进行了介绍和比较研究,在此基础上,就上述问题的解决提出如下建议:完善我国刑事诉讼中对赃款赃物的“简易处置”制度,增加配套的法院裁决程序;在我国建立承认与执行外国刑事罚没裁决的司法审查制度;在特定情况下将附带民事诉讼程序前移,并在条件成熟时设立独立的财产没收程序;变通现行的证据制度,要求特定案件中的财物持有人或者关系人承担关于合法来源或者善意享有的证明责任;本着互惠和务实的精神处理被追缴财物的国际分享问题,建立专门的基金组织将分享的资金转换为开展有关国际合作的资源。     

The International Criminal Court and the Darfur crimes: The dilemma of peace and supra-national criminal justice

ABSTRACT

The supra-national criminal prosecution by the International Criminal Court (ICC) of the alleged crimes committed in Darfur raises critical legal and conceptual issues. This article addresses the dilemma of peace, justice and reconciliation from a legal perspective, as well as the justice options that are available. The article also assesses the Sudan's criminal and military laws (both at the substantive and procedural levels) in terms of the country's ability to prosecute international crimes such as war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide. In this respect, the article argues that these laws fall short of international criminal law standards and principles – particularly the amendments introduced after the United Nations Security Council referred the Darfur situation to the ICC. The article critically examines the Sudan government's policy of non-engagement, which ultimately led to supra-national criminal prosecution (represented by the ICC intervention under the complementarity principle of the Rome Statute). Finally, the article interrogates the report issued by the African Union High-Level Panel on Darfur (AUPD), and evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of its recommendations.     

Wiping the Slate Clean: Reforming Scots Law's Approach to Evidence of the Accused's Bad Character

This paper discusses the Scottish Law Commission (SLC)'s Report on Similar Fact Evidence and the Moorov Doctrine, which proposes revolutionary changes to the way in which Scots law deals with evidence of the accused's bad character, including his previous convictions. The article sets these proposals in context by explaining the existing Scots law, and comparing it to the English provisions on bad character evidence contained in the Criminal Justice Act 2003. This comparison reveals similarities between the responses of the two jurisdictions. It is remarkable that the SLC did not consider English law to be a viable model for reform, choosing instead to propose legislation which would simply deem certain pieces of bad character evidence relevant in criminal trials. The second part of the paper explains why these proposals should not be implemented.