证人出庭作证问题研究

证人出庭作证是保证司法公正的基本措施。针对我国司法实践中普通存在的证人拒绝出庭作证的现象 ,有必要从转变司法观念 ,建立强制证人出庭作证制度 ,完善证人保护制度 ,贯彻直接言词原则 ,建立证人特权制度等方面 ,有效解决证人出庭作证的问题。     

三维立体显微镜在文件检验中的应用

目的通过应用先进的仪器设备,让我们从另一个角度观察文检痕迹特征,寻找到一个文件检验的新视角。方法利用三维立体显微镜,从微观的三维状态下分析文检的痕迹特征(上下位置)。结果能有效区别笔迹书写与印章的先后顺序;打印字迹和印章的先后顺序,同一支笔书写形成的交叉笔划的先后顺序;准确区别打印文书和复印文书等。结论借助三维立体显微镜,能使文件检验水平向前迈进一步。     

The forensic investigation of vehicle–pedestrian collisions: A review

Rapid urbanisation, a steady increase in the number of vehicles, speeding, negligence in road safety, and other factors have led to the inevitable worldwide growth of road traffic accidents involving pedestrians. According to the ‘Global Status Report on Road Safety’ released by the World Health Organization, road traffic collisions are one of the leading causes of death for people of all ages, with approximately 1.35 million road fatality deaths occurring globally each year. Figures from the report also highlight that a large part of road deaths involves pedestrians as the most vulnerable road users. Therefore, forensic examination of vehicle–pedestrian collisions has become increasingly important in the detection, investigation and reduction of road casualties and permanent development of this discipline is urgently needed. Thus, this article aims to review the capability and effectiveness of forensic examination in tackling road fatalities and explores the most important aspects of this discipline, such as nature of a vehicle–pedestrian collision, common issues resolved by this type of examination and typical physical evidence used in the reconstruction of vehicle–pedestrian collisions. Moreover, the paper outlines the latest advances and approaches in the field.     

Color Separation in Forensic Image Processing Using Interactive Differential Evolution

Color separation is an image processing technique that has often been used in forensic applications to differentiate among variant colors and to remove unwanted image interference. This process can reveal important information such as covered text or fingerprints in forensic investigation procedures. However, several limitations prevent users from selecting the appropriate parameters pertaining to the desired and undesired colors. This study proposes the hybridization of an interactive differential evolution (IDE) and a color separation technique that no longer requires users to guess required control parameters. The IDE algorithm optimizes these parameters in an interactive manner by utilizing human visual judgment to uncover desired objects. A comprehensive experimental verification has been conducted on various sample test images, including heavily obscured texts, texts with subtle color variations, and fingerprint smudges. The advantage of IDE is apparent as it effectively optimizes the color separation parameters at a level indiscernible to the naked eyes.     

非制式枪支射击自制底火子弹弹壳痕迹检验

由制式64式手枪改制的枪支,其射击弹头、弹壳上的痕迹位置、形态也因改制手法和部件的不同而存在差异,给检验增加了难度,利用其射击弹头、弹壳上的痕迹对发射枪支进行同一认定具有重要的意义。本案中,笔者在非制式64式手枪的拉壳钩上使用颜色标记,并对标记枪支发射的带有自制底火的改制弹壳进行检验,从而对拉壳钩在异常位置遗留的痕迹进行了确认,为使用异常位置拉壳钩痕迹进行发射枪支的同一认定提供了依据。     

民事诉讼中利用真实印文伪造证据的系统鉴定

本文以四个案件为例,阐述了民事诉讼中利用真 实印文伪造证据的特点,如何对此类案件进行鉴定以及鉴 定时应注意的问题,最后提出了三点建议。     

刍议我国侦查启动程序

立案程序一直是刑事诉讼法修改中讨论的热点。作为侦查启动程序的立案程序在实践中常常有初查和审查穿插其中,而不具侦查法律属性的初查和审查的出现在一定意义上否定了刑事诉讼程序的正当性。对侦查启动程序的完善应从实践的角度出发,应充分考虑侦查实践中审查与初查的合理性,从而在立法上做出完善,使之与实践统一。     

论对抽象行政行为的司法审查

在我国立法中排除了人民法院对抽象行政行为的司法审查,但为保护受违法抽象行政为侵害的行政相对人的利益,对抽象行政行为进行司法审查是必要也是可行的。     

浅析货币的防伪技术

近年来,我国制贩假币犯罪呈现增长态势,犯罪手段日趋多样化.由于造假者具有相关的专业知识,使得货币检验的难度增大.货币的防伪技术主要反映在制版、雕刻、印刷等技术和印刷材料如纸张、油墨上.掌握相关货币的防伪技术,能使文检工作者更有效、更全面地揭露犯罪和证实犯罪.     

浅析经济全球化背景下的政府职能转变

随着我国进一步融入到经济全球化浪潮中,如何在这一过程中进一步转变政府职能,积极应对挑战,已成为当前迫切需要解决的课题。本文提出了经济全球化中政府职能定位的要义,并通过分析当前我国政府职能转变中存在的问题和面临的困难,从宏观上提出了相关应对措施。