欧洲宪法法院给我国违宪审查制度建构的启示

违宪审查制度是人类政治与法治史上最重要的制度之一,也是现代国家限制国家权力、保护公民权利最有效的手段。我国应借鉴欧洲宪法法院违宪审查的经验,逐步建构我国的违宪审查制度,设立专门的宪法救济机构,规定公民个人作为启动宪法救济的主体,规定具体的宪法救济方法与程序,并在时机成熟时将那些侵害公民宪法权利的案件逐步交给普通法院解决。     

公安机关盘问、留置权的特性与运用

公安机关要切实做到合理、合法运用盘问、留置措施,关键要准确把握好特定性、限定性、广泛性、两重性、特殊性、规范性六个特性。     

试论出版职业资格的错位与重建

出版专业技术人员职业资格制度的建立,对加强出版专业技术队伍建设,提高人员素质和业务水平起到了积极作用。但目前该制度在现实的运行和贯彻中仍存在不少问题,如职业与资格脱节、资格与出版脱节、技术等级与执业资格的不当结合。应分解现有的职业资格考试制度,建立与出版单位年检等相挂钩的出版从业人员管理制度。     

两大法系司法考试制度之比较与借鉴

统一司法考试在我国刚刚确立 ,尚存在诸多需完善之处 ,因此如何借鉴外国成功的经验对我国司法考试制度至关重要。两大法系司法考试制度各有特色 ,对其进行介绍、比较 ,是进一步完善我国司法考试制度的当务之急。     

Development of a simple and non-destructive examination for counterfeit coins using acoustic characteristics

The measurement of the sound by the shock wave and the analysis of the natural frequencies were carried out for the authentic and five kinds of counterfeit 500-yen coins for the purpose of the quick and simple discrimination. Four peaks of natural frequencies were observed in the range of 5–20 kHz for authentic coins. On the other hand, only three peaks were observed for some kinds of the counterfeit coins. Four peaks were observed for other counterfeit coins, however the peaks were slightly shifted compared to those for authentic coins. These results show that the discrimination of the counterfeit coins from authentic ones can be realized by the examination of the natural frequencies. This method is quite useful for the simple screening of authentic and counterfeit coins.     

Color separation in forensic image processing

In forensic image processing, it is often important to be able to separate a feature from an interfering background or foreground, or to demonstrate colors within an image to be different from each other. In this study, a color deconvolution algorithm that could accomplish this task is described, and it is applied to color separation problems in document and fingerprint examination. Subtle color differences (sometimes invisible to the naked eye) are found to be sufficient, which is demonstrated successfully for several cases where color differences were shown to exist, or where colors were removed from the foreground or background. The software is available for free in the form of an Adobe Photoshop-compatible plug-in.     

A simple microthermal desorption device

A new method for thermal desorption of small samples is presented. The method uses a solid phase microextraction (SPME) holder with the fiber removed. The sample-for example, an ink sample on paper-is simply placed inside the needle of the holder, where normally an SPME fiber is positioned. The thermal desorption is then performed on any kind of gas chromatograph in a manner similar to that for SPME analysis. The needle of the SPME holder penetrates the injector septum; the temperature of the thermal desorption is simply the temperature of the injector. No solvents or liquid nitrogen cooling are used. The paper sample is kept inside the holder needle during the analysis. After the analysis is completed, the sample is removed from the needle by pushing forward the steel wire inside the needle in the way normally used to perform sampling with the SPME fiber. The desorbed compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector or by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The optimum temperature for desorption of ink samples on paper was 200 degrees C. The influence of the paper matrix is negligible at that temperature. Laboratories lacking the commercial device for thermal desorption can use this cheap device for the analysis of, for example, writing ink, printing ink, and inkjet ink samples on paper. Other types of samples can be investigated but the size of samples suitable for analysis is limited.     

我国《刑事诉讼法》中“预审”问题研究

预审制度在我国经历了曲折的发展历程,1997年公安部决定实行侦审合一以后,少数公安机关仍然坚持侦审分离,有些公安机关恢复或正在恢复独立的预审机构,<刑事诉讼法>正面临再次修改,应将预审制度保留,并进一步强化预审的职能.     

共同犯罪的想象竞合犯问题研究

共犯的想象竞合犯是共犯与罪数形态的交叉领域,共犯在本质上是共同的故意,想象竞合犯本质上是实质的一罪,共犯的想象竞合犯是指二人以上基于共同的故意实施一个共犯行为触犯数个罪名的犯罪。共犯的想象竞合犯客观上实施了共同故意支配下的一个共犯行为,主观上对触犯的数个罪名都是故意。在定罪和量刑上应兼顾共犯和想象竞合犯的特点,将共犯的定罪量刑原则和想象竞合犯的定罪量刑原则相结合,正确认定其刑事责任。     

两岸跨境犯罪新情势、新问题分析

2010年的"1011"与"0810"项目,以及2011年的"0310"项目行动,让人们见识到跨境电话诈骗之猖獗。事实上,打击跨境犯罪的困境,体现在"跨境"的字义上。从犯罪人的角度而言,跨境犯罪的实施,便意味着增加了执法机关追诉的困难并降低了犯罪人被捕的风险。另外,在此信息社会下,两岸跨境犯罪呈现组织化、科技化、隐蔽化、严重化及被害普及化之新趋势,传统跨境治理体系已无法处理日益复杂化的全球跨境犯罪问题。如何避免全球治理缺口,即"管辖权的缺口"、"参与性的缺口"、"诱因性的缺口"及"功能性的缺口",成为当前防治跨境犯罪急需注意的课题。所以,未来两岸为了有效防治跨境犯罪,应以全球化治理的观点来检视两岸跨境犯罪问题,以强调"网络"、"互赖"及"规制"的特质(低政治、高功能),建立一个永续合作的发展模式,共创两岸人民双赢的局面。