Interaction of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and methamphetamine during metabolism by in vitro human metabolic enzymes and in rats

Illicit amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) tablets commonly contain one or more active ingredients, which have hallucinogenic and/or stimulant effects. Because components such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and methamphetamine (MA) in ATS tablets have similar chemical structures, they could be metabolized by common metabolic enzymes. To investigate potential metabolic interactions of ATS tablet components, we studied the in vitro metabolism of MDMA and MA using human metabolic enzymes. MDMA and MA were mainly metabolized by cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) and mutually inhibited the production of their main metabolites. In vivo experiments were also performed using intravenous administration of MDMA, MA, or their mixture to rats. The plasma concentrations of MDMA and MA after co-administration were higher than those after administration of MDMA or MA alone. The results in this study imply that multiple components in ATS tablets can interact to mutually inhibit their metabolism and potentially enhance the toxicity of each component.     

分组互动式教学法的运用

教育方法的选择总是随着教育环境的变化而变化的。基于网络的普及、以"学"为中心的建构主义学习观的完善、"教"与"学"沟通方式的多样化等学习情景,通过近五年的教学探索,我们总结出了分组互动式教学法,在实际教学中取得了良好的教学效果。     

论时尚文化与青年价值观的互动逻辑及其启示

在传统研究视域里,人们较为注重时尚文化对青年价值观的单向影响,而没有深入考察二者之间的双向互动关系,从而未能全面揭示它们之间存在的相互影响规律.实际上,时尚文化以其独特方式介入青年价值观的生成过程、嬗变过程和功能发挥过程,促进价值观生成和变迁.同时,青年形成的价值观又主要通过催生作用、选择作用和引领作用与时尚文化进行互动,创造、甄别和引导时尚文化.我们应该促进积极的时尚文化成为塑造青年价值观的新视界,充分发挥时尚文化的价值意义;应该将社会主义核心价值观融入青年价值观教育之中,以更好支撑时尚文化;应该增强时尚文化与青年价值观之间的互动共进效果,发挥二者正向协同作用.     

Private regulation,public policy,and the perils of adverse ontological selection

What problems can private regulatory governance solve, and what role should public policy play? Despite access to the same empirical evidence, the current scholarship on private governance offers widely divergent answers to these questions. Through a critical review, this paper details five ontologically distinct academic logics – calculated strategic behavior; learning and experimentalist processes; political institutionalism; global value chain and convention theory; and neo-Gramscian accounts – that offer divergent conclusions based on the particular facets of private governance they illuminate, while ignoring those they obfuscate. In this crowded marketplace of ideas, scholars and practitioners are in danger of adverse ontological selection whereby certain approaches and insights are systematically ignored and certain problem conceptions are prioritized over others. As a corrective, we encourage scholars to make their assumptions explicit, and occasionally switch between logics, to better understand private governance's problem-solving potential and its interactions with public policy.     

公共利益：政府与媒体互动的轴心

政府与媒体作为人类社会系统的重要子系统,都与作为个人或群体利益交叉集合的公共利益密切相关。公共利益是政府组织的天然属性与逻辑使命,公共利益也是大众传媒的本质属性与工作使命。这种共同的属性与使命决定了一方面是政府基于公共利益准则规约媒体的运作空间,另一方面媒体也基于公共利益准则监督和作用于政府绩效。因此,构建于公共利益中心点上的政府与媒体的良性互动关系有利于公共利益的维护与增进。     

ECFA协议对两岸经济的影响

ECFA协议对两岸经济发展具有里程碑意义,它不仅促进了台湾内部经济增长,提升了其产业竞争力,同时也促进了台湾资金流入大陆,推进了大陆产业升级,并促进了大陆新经济区域的建立。但协议的全面落实,仍存在诸多问题与不确定因素。今后应搁置政治争议,着眼长远利益,进一步减让与消除两岸关税壁垒,同时进一步完善经贸合作争端的解决机制。     

政社互动：社会管理创新格局下的城市管理新模式

政社互动是社会管理创新格局下的城市管理新模式,它的哲学基础是交互主体哲学。政社互动能够加快推动城市管理向多元共治、规范治理和合理共识转变。完善和创新社会力量参与机制,推进服务型政府建设,加强公民达成理性共识的能力建设是实现城市管理政社互动的有效方式。     

法律职业良性互动:经验、理论与设计

法律职业的良性互动,是构建法律职业共同体的基本途径。在我国,借鉴国外的成功经验,建立法律职业的良性互动机制,不仅十分必要,而且切实可行。为此,应当对法律职业互动进行制度设计,具体包括:合理限定法律职业互动的人员范围,细分法律职业互动的类型,确定法律职业互动的方式和程序,并制定相关的配套措施。     

浅析派出所人际关系对派出所建设的影响

派出所人际关系是影响派出所战斗力和凝聚力的重要因素。良好的人际关系有助于派出所警官形成健康的心理、获取更多的知识信息、营造良好的集体心理气氛。不良的人际关系不但容易影响派出所警官共产主义信念的确立,而且交往的盲目性容易造成失、泄密事故的发生,导致派出所乃至国家利益受损。为此,要充分发挥思想政治工作的引领作用,引导和调控非正式群体的人际关系,利用积极因素,规避消极因素,建立相互尊重、相互信任、相互支持的警民关系,营造派出所人际关系的有利外部环境,从而促进派出所工作的全面发展。     

基于波动理论的粘弹性人工边界内源波动有限元分析

在地震激励作用下,当地基为无限介质时能量将逸散到无穷远处而耗散.目前广泛采用的无质量固定边界模型引入了不真实的反射地震波,无法模拟地震波的真实传播过程.基于波动理论采用粘弹性人工边界模拟地震波内源波动的远域能量逸散效应,并将计算结果与固定边界模型进行比较.计算结果表明粘弹性人工边界削弱了固定边界引起的荷载放大效应,能更真实模拟地震波的传播过程.研究结果对抗震动力分析中边界条件的选取具有一定的参考意义.