PUBLIC COOPERATION WITH THE POLICE IN GHANA: DOES PROCEDURAL FAIRNESS MATTER?*

Recent criminological emphasis on the salience of normative concerns, such as procedural fairness and legitimacy, in understanding public law‐abiding behavior has been based on evidence from Anglo‐American studies. This article examines these issues in the African context based on general survey data from Accra, Ghana. The results show a lack of empirical validity, in the Ghanaian context, of the Sunshine–Tyler legitimacy scale. The results also show that public cooperation with the police in Ghana is shaped by utilitarian factors such as perceptions of current police effectiveness infighting crime. It is argued that the importance of perceived police effectiveness to public cooperation is a result of police legitimation deficits and the public's alienation from the Ghana police, which in turn are traced to the colonial history of the police and current poor police performance.     

省直管县改革背景下市县横向分治与合作机制之构建

省直管县改革是为适应经济社会快速发展而进行的行政层级调整,对于破除市管县体制藩篱、激活和增强县域经济发展活力、提高行政效率具有重大意义.实践中,市县科层结构"交错纠缠"、省级政府管理幅度偏大、市县资源依赖关系受到冲击等问题一定程度上影响了省直管县改革的推进,导致改革的政策红利未能充分释放.应从增加省直管县试点数量、推动...     

浅析纸钞的公众防伪设计

钞票是国家名片,各国为了防范伪造都在钞票上采用了大量防伪技术。钞票的防伪技术一般分为公众防伪、专业防伪和专家防伪三个层次。公众防伪特征是公众无需使用特殊设备就能鉴别钞票真假的主要手段,也是假币犯罪分子突破的重点。为了应对制假技术的提高,增强货币的防伪能力,中国人民银行和欧美等国央行也在不断对钞票进行改版提升,将最新的防伪技术应用到钞票中,同时加大宣传力度,提高普通民众对钞票防伪点的识别能力。本文调研了欧美等国央行在钞票防伪技术提升与防伪点的公众识别方面的研究,分析了新版人民币与部分国家和地区最新发行的纸质钞票的公众防伪特征,对比了不同纸钞的公众防伪特点,结合纸钞防伪设计分析,从更新钞票防伪设计、加强公众宣传等方面,为防范假币提出了建议。     

论政府购买公共服务的保证责任

政府购买公共服务是公私协力的表现,是担保国家理论在行政法中的具体化。透过担保国家理论、公私协力背景分析政府购买公共服务的行政法属性,政府保证责任作为政府购买公共服务的责任转型,有其宪法渊源与民事责任阙如的现实需求。基于保障社会公众以合理的价格持续、均等地获得质高价优的公共服务之目的,政府保证责任可以类型化为监督责任、管制责任、接管责任,其内容体现为保证有限竞争、质量与价格供给、持续与均等供给以及公共服务的信息公开与公众参与。可以通过行政规制、契约治理及信用监管等措施,促进政府保证责任的最终实现。     

公司内部制衡机制的立法原则

一个良好的公司治理结构必须建立起公司内部权力制衡机制。其前提和基础是权责明确。本文通过法学和经济学的交叉分析 ,对公司治理结构中权力制衡机制的立法原则进行了讨论 ,提出了四个制衡的原则 :有效性、合理性、适度性和协调统一性。     

检审配合的价值基础研究

在中国，审计机关是最高行政机关国务院的下属部门，其实质上是政府的内审部门，行使的是内部监督权，而检察机关是国家的法律监督机关，其行使的更多是一种外部监督权。探讨检审合作的根本价值就在于如何实现两者的内外配合，双剑合壁在反腐败方面发挥两家监督机关的最大效力，实现双方履行职务的双赢。     

论作为法律技术的连带责任——兼评我国《侵权责任法草案（二次审议稿）》第12、13条及相关条文

作为法律技术的连带责任解决了围绕无意思联络数人侵权行为而展开的共同侵权行为概念的争论。无意思联络数人在各行为人行为原因力可分的情况下,由其各自承担按份责任;在各自行为原因力不可分的情形下由该数人承担连带责任。后者虽与共同侵权行为一样均应承担连带责任,但两种连带责任却有着性质上的差别,共同侵权行为应该坚持传统的主观说。在主观说的基础上,共同侵权人承担连带责任是基于法律政策考量;无意思联络数人在行为原因力不可分的情形下承担连带责任乃基于法律技术考察。     

企业混合合并的竞争法分析

企业合并控制制度一直是各国反垄断法中的重要内容。随着我国经济逐步融入全球经济和市场经济的不断发展,企业合并的经营者集中越来越成为我国企业的普遍选择,其中混合合并因为便于企业实现多元化经营和经营战略转移形成效率抗辩,且一般不直接限制或妨碍竞争而与反垄断法无涉,从而形成市场和政府的双重偏好。然而通过非合作效应和合作效应分析可以得出混合合并在一定条件下也会产生反竞争效果。近年来,欧盟、澳大利亚的立法变革都明显提高了对混合合并反竞争效果的立法警觉。我国需要从竞争法视角重新审视企业混合合并,对其反垄断规制要坚持效率抗辩和整体权衡,反对弊大于利的合并,使混合合并在我国经济发展中避害扬善。     

与碳排放交易有关的犯罪行为及其防范措施

碳市场属于新兴市场,呈现碎片化特征。碳排放交易标的为法律虚拟物,不需要实物交割,交易相对复杂。碳排放交易和其他金融交易一样,由于涉及资金巨大、法律不完善、监管不严密和透明度欠缺等原因,极易滋生犯罪。与碳排放交易有关的犯罪行为主要为诈骗、逃税、洗钱和网络盗窃等。应该加强各碳排放交易市场间的合作与沟通,共同监管和惩治碳排放交易所涉犯罪行为。     

The Resurrection of Group Selection as a Theory of Human Cooperation

Two books edited by members of the MacArthur Norms and Preferences Network (an interdisciplinary group, mainly anthropologists and economists) are reviewed here. These books in large part reflect a renewed interest in group selection that has occurred among these researchers: they promote the theory that human cooperative behavior evolved via selective processes which favored biological and/or cultural group-level adaptations as opposed to individual-level adaptations. In support of this theory, an impressive collection of cross-cultural data are presented which suggest that participants in experimental economic games often do not behave as self-interested income maximizers; this lack of self-interest is regarded as evidence of group selection. In this review, problems with these data and with the theory are discussed. On the data side, it is argued that even if a behavior seems individually-maladaptive in a game context, there is no reason to believe that it would have been that way in ancestral contexts, since the environments of experimental games do not at all resemble those in which ancestral humans would have interacted cooperatively. And on the theory side, it is argued that it is premature to invoke group selection in order to explain human cooperation, because more parsimonious individual-level theories have not yet been exhausted. In summary, these books represent ambitious interdisciplinary contributions on an important topic, and they include unique and useful data; however, they do not make a convincing case that the evolution of human cooperation required group selection.