关于农村经济结构调整的一种解说

调整农村经济结构一直是国家农村经济发展政策的重要内容。但农村经济结构调整仍存在重大障碍。只有实行宏观规划,采取综合性措施,才能逐步达到农村经济结构合理化目标。     

从检察制度的历史与比较论我国检察官之定位与保障

改革开放以来,我国与国际社会交流频繁,特别是受美国制度影响,一直有将检察官行政官化的呼声。但是,从检察制度的历史渊源以及各国检察官类型的比较研究可以得知,纯粹行政官化的检察官并不契合我国社会。我国应将检察官定位为司法官,并仿效大陆法系国家,给予其充分的身份保障。     

国人对民决团在英美法庭中的功能的误解

民决团仅仅负责事实审,决定事实问题;法官则负责法律审,决定法律问题。这个认识的错误在于：普通法中没有“事实审”、“法律审”的术语,这是国人杜撰出来的。普通法事实发展出来法律,法律是事实的积累。民决团事实上既决定法律又决定事实。它在美国,具有最高权力,大于总统、国会和最高法庭。另外民决团在美国7个州还决定量刑,在有死刑的州,还决定死刑。事实与法律的区分和混合,有助于法官将复杂问题交给民决团决定并在上诉中捍卫民决团的最高权力;也有助于法官对法律问题下命令、进行违宪性审查。总之,理解民决团的最高权力,是理解普通法的关键。     

以太网网络接口卡MAC永久地址与MAC当前地址的检验方法综述

本文综述了检验以太网网络接口卡MAC永久地址和MAC当前地址的方法,针对不同的检验客体提出了可行的检验方法。并提出了MAC在先检验的发展方向。     

关于后现代法学研究的思考

法治与现代性紧密联系,它的产生和发展基于法律具有客观性、自主性、确定性等理念。但是,二十世纪七八十年代以后产生的后现代法学以其反传统、非基础的理论和方法冲击着现代法学的基础。后现代法学用怀疑、批判、否定的眼光看待现代法治,并对其理论和实践等问题进行再审视、再反思。后现代法学多元的法学思维方式为我们看待问题提供了新范式,它有助于唤起民众参与法律活动的积极性。不过,后现代法学不会取代现代法学的主导地位,它对于我们的价值更多的是以未来的眼光审视现代法治,以此促进现代法治的发展。     

浅谈我国社会保障立法的完善

社会保障立法推动着我国社会保障的改革和制度创新。但社会保障立法远远落后于我国社会保障实践,难以适应不断发展的社会保障需要的现实是不容回避的。当前应加快社会保障立法的步伐,制定符合我国国情和社会保障制度改革急需的法律、法规,建立由社会保障实体法、社会保障基金法、社会保障组织法、社会保障程序法等组合而成的完备的社会保障法律体系。     

Medical regulation of cognitive enhancement devices: some concerns

The authors present a cogent and detailed case for altering the Medical Devices Directive to allow regulation of cognitive enhancement devices (CEDs). Protection against significant risk of harm, especially for the vulnerable, and promotion of benefit through informed use of CEDs are all good features of the proposal. However, the pre-market approval process has limitations, which we explore. We raise the possibility of ‘risk compensation’ in response to the introduction of safety measures, which could alter its effectiveness. The proposal alludes to use of ‘formally trained practitioners,’ which provide a further tier of regulation for CEDs within the proposal. We consider some positive and negative implications of this aspect of the proposal that might warrant further consideration.     

Marginalisation or legitimation? Mainstream party positioning on immigration and support for radical right parties

Abstract

Does mainstream party positioning contribute to marginalising or legitimising niche party positions? This article argues that voter perceptions of the legitimacy and credibility of niche party positions play a role in individuals’ propensity to vote for niche parties. It finds that the adoption of more restrictive immigration positions by mainstream parties increases the likelihood that those people who do not recognise the issue competence of radical right parties on immigration will vote radical right. However, for individuals who already perceive the radical right to be competent on immigration, mainstream party adoption of more restrictive immigration positions has no effect on propensity to vote radical right. In addition, the increase in the propensity of individuals to vote radical right is predominantly a function of mainstream left parties adopting more restrictive immigration positions. These results imply that mainstream parties risk fuelling radical right party support by adopting more restrictive immigration positions.     

The conditional impact of winner/loser status and ideological proximity on citizen participation

Many scholars have investigated the relationship between ideological orientations and mass participation, and there is also a growing number of studies comparing political attitudes and behaviour between electoral winners and losers. This article seeks to bring together these two strands of literature with respect to political participation, focusing on the interaction between citizens’ winner/loser status and ideological distance from their government. Analysis of data from 34 countries highlights the importance of this interactive effect: while previous works suggest that losers have a greater propensity to take part in political activities, it is shown here that this relationship holds true only when losers occupy a position along the left‐right spectrum distant from the government. Furthermore, while the hypothesised interactive effect is empirically confirmed for turnout, the magnitude of its impact is much greater for more costly modes of participation such as contacting, campaigning and protesting     

Brain Fluid Content Related to Body Position and Postmortem Interval – An Animal Model

Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were euthanized and placed in a horizontal or vertical (head‐down) position at room temperature, after which brain fluid content was measured by a moisture analysis technique at variable time points. No significant difference in brain fluid content was observed between horizontal and vertical postmortem positions. A significant increase in brain fluid content was demonstrated 3, 6, and 24 h after death, with maximal fluid content observed at 24 h. Specifically, the brain fluid content of control animals was 77.79 ± 0.36%, increasing to 80.05 ± 0.22% at 24 h (p < 0.0001). This study has demonstrated no significant differences in brain fluid content related to postmortem position, suggesting that a head‐down position is not associated with increased brain fluid content or swelling. However, significant temporal increases in brain fluid content after death, most likely related to cerebral liquefaction, occur.