Eyeball Position in Facial Approximation: Accuracy of Methods for Predicting Globe Positioning in Lateral View

This study measured the accuracy of traditional and validated newly proposed methods for globe positioning in lateral view. Eighty lateral head cephalograms of adult subjects from Central Europe were taken, and the actual and predicted dimensions were compared. The anteroposterior eyeball position was estimated as the most accurate method based on the proportion of the orbital height (SEE = 1.9 mm) and was followed by the “tangent to the iris method” showing SEE = 2.4 mm. The traditional “tangent to the cornea method” underestimated the eyeball projection by SEE = 5.8 mm. Concerning the superoinferior eyeball position, the results showed a deviation from a central to a more superior position by 0.3 mm, on average, and the traditional method of central positioning of the globe could not be rejected as inaccurate (SEE = 0.3 mm). Based on regression analyzes or proportionality of the orbital height, the SEE = 2.1 mm.     

Old people in Polish cities in the late eighteenth century

The issue of old age as a period in life of a person in the cities of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was not widely discussed in historic literature of the past. This was due, to a large extent, to the beliefs of the researchers regarding the difficulty in capturing this phenomenon in light of rather Modest statistical sources. This study is, therefore, an attempt to scrutinise the mechanisms behind the functioning of city communities in the territories of central Poland in the late-feudal age on a basic level - the level of the smallest social unit and its economic base, i.e. the household, based on handwritten civil-military censuses from 1791-1792. The author is interested in the living situation of old people, their sizes and gender proportions in cities varying in size: from small to large ones in the second half of the 18th century. The article presents the dependencies between the age and position of men and women in the household and the proportions of old people being heads of households. Using the typology by Peter Laslett a model of a household ran by old people was shown against the background of a general structure of households in cities. The last part of the text concerns the size of households ran by old people, taking into account the social status, and their position within the family. The analysis of the censuses does not allow to determine any clear difference of living through old age in Polish cities in the 18th century in comparison to the regions which are attributed a ’unique’ model of European forms of family. The structural similarity of old age seen in Polish cities is closer to the model observed in cities of western than of eastern Europe.     

中美两国青少年犯罪问题之比较研究

本文着重对中美两国青少年犯罪的现状、成因、预防及控制对策予以比较研究,目的是为我国青少年犯罪研究提供参考,汲取他国取得良效的防控思想和措施,并依照我国的社会主义特色,制定更富实效的防控措施。     

赤足残缺足迹检验初探

残缺足迹检验问题是刑侦实战部门迫切需要解决的难题。文章从赤足底花纹的分布规律及蹬、踏、压痕等步态特征随着年龄增长而变化的规律入手,首先研究如何确定残缺足迹的留痕部位,然后进一步根据残缺足迹进行年龄分析,为有效利用残缺足迹提供技术方法。     

政治整合统一战线执政地位

对社会进行政治整合是执政党的基本职能之一和主要的政治使命.从执政党完成这一主要政治使命,巩固自己的执政地位这一执政党执政规律角度看,爱国统一战线对于我们党完成对中国社会进行新的政治整合任务,巩固自己 的执政地位,具有不可估量的巨大作用.统一战线不仅是革命党的一大法宝,更是执政党的一大法宝.     

激活英语课堂教学确立学生主体地位

针对英语教育领域存在的问题,许多教育人士大力倡导要对陈旧的教育模式进行改革.英语课堂教学蕴藏着巨大的活力.激活课堂教学,增加教学中的生命意识是必由之路.应确立学生在教学中的主体地位,教师设疑启智,营造创新氛围,结合学生兴趣爱好,紧跟时代脉搏,精心设计课堂提问,将学生主体地位与教师主导作用有机统一,培养学生开拓创新精神.     

论现代公诉权的价值构造

"公诉权"在我国被长期认为就是专指"刑事公诉权"。在这一片面认识的束缚下,"公诉权"很难被介入到民事、行政诉讼领域中,客观上阻却了公诉权的生存空间。其实,公诉权也是一种诉权,它除了涵盖刑事公诉权外,还应包括民事公诉权和行政公诉权。现代公诉权的确立,不仅便于我们对各个诉讼制度框架进行整体把握,而且有利于深化和挖掘公诉权理论的新内涵,科学合理地配置公诉权在具体制度中的应用,更好地保护国家和社会公共利益,以维护法制的统一。     

论我国律师的角色定位

将律师角色定位于社会法律工作者,并不能满足社会对律师的角色需求,也没有全面反映律师的自身属性。并且在实践中,这种角色定位越来越暴露出自身存在的难以解决的问题,因此,必需对我国律师角色重新定位。应将律师总体上定位于"为国家或社会服务的独立的法制工作者",为此,应建立和完善律师作证豁免权、律师刑事辩护豁免权、律师调查取证权、律师诉讼业务垄断制度和政府及企事业单位律师制度。     

俄罗斯经济：“套车慢，但跑起来快”——普京第一任内俄罗斯经济发展态势分析

上世纪90年代以来,俄罗斯经济经历了一个从全面危机到逐步实现稳定增长的过程,其中普京任期的业绩斐然.对于俄经济中所发生的变化以及未来前景,国际社会,包括俄、中两国的学者有着不同的评价和预测.从普京执政以来俄罗斯政治、经济、社会诸领域发生的变化看,苏联解体给俄罗斯带来的各种冲击正在被逐步消化,经济发展中的积极因素越来越多,尽管还有大量的问题需要解决,但"质"的变化不容忽视.俄罗斯经济已经具备了稳定发展的条件,前景乐观.     

太原市城市品牌战略研究

城市之间的竞争是企业、市场竞争的升级,它代表着未来经济发展的方向。城市品牌战略的作用在于寻找城市品牌的核心价值,给城市以科学的品牌定位,真正使城市品牌推广有自己的目标受众。太原市城市品牌的战略定位是:太原市城市竞争力的核心为“文化”,城市的吸引力为“旅游”,“品味古都面食之精,畅游龙城景胜之林,感受三晋古韵之魂”。未来太原市城市品牌的推广营销应体现:形象营销、吸引力营销、基础设施营销、人民营销、事件营销等。