中国城市公共自行车系统：现状、问题和对策

该文在阐述公共自行车系统发展历程的基础上,分析了中国城市公共自行车系统的发展现状和存在的问题,提出了推进公共服务市场化、重视城市慢行交通系统建设、完善公共自行车系统服务、注重宣传和引导等对策。     

Physical Restraint and Near Death of a Psychiatric Patient

Physical restraint is used as a last resort emergency measure to calm and safeguard agitated and/or aggressive psychiatric patients. This can sometimes cause injuries, and rare fatalities have occurred. One mechanism of injury and death while in physical restraint is that of severe asphyxiation. We present the case of a hospitalized man in his mid‐30s, suffering from schizophrenia. The patient was obese. He became aggressive and had to be manually restrained with a “takedown.” After having been put in the prone position on the floor with a significant weight load on his body, he lost respiration and consciousness. Subsequently, he was given CPR. He regained consciousness and respiration, while the cyanosis receded in 1–2 min. Psychiatrists and pathologists should be aware that physically restraining a patient in the prone position with a significant weight load on the torso can, in rare cases, lead to asphyxiation.     

互联网企业市场支配地位认定的理论反思与制度重构

随着互联网市场的发展,我国司法实践中适用的判断经营者市场支配地位的方案受到了严峻挑战。在互联网市场上,市场份额的计算方法受到质疑,市场份额对衡量经营者市场竞争力的判断作用已经退化。在我国对市场份额证据严格限制的实证法背景下,我国司法实践中推行的"单一市场结构方案"既不能适用于互联网市场中的垄断行为规制,也不符合我国反垄断的立法规定,是必须摈弃的一种落后观念。因应互联网市场的形成,根据我国《反垄断法》的立法宗旨和基本精神,应当在反垄断司法实践中贯彻"综合标准方案",既不简单反对可以根据市场份额推定经营者的市场支配地位,又充分考虑市场进入壁垒、市场竞争状况等其他因素对经营者市场支配地位的影响。     

The last acceptable prejudice: an overview of LGBT social and criminal injustice issues within the USA

The intolerance of, and discrimination against, gays and lesbians is not a new concept. Yet, as many parts of the world have begun to socially and legally recognize gay rights, in many ways, the USA has lagged behind. An overview of past and present lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender social and criminal justice within the USA are presented. Also, specific recommendations are made for the future in an effort to put an end to this last acceptable prejudice.     

The Strategic Timing behind Position-taking in the US Congress: A Study of the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act

Roll call voting by members of the US Congress has been frequently studied. In contrast, the various decisions leading up to roll call voting are relatively unexplored. This article analyses one of those decisions: when senators announce their final passage vote intention. The authors use the same set of variables to analyse both the timing of the announcement and the final passage vote. They find that different independent variables predict these two different decisions, though the constituency and the senator's institutional setting matter in both. Furthermore, this study corroborates an assumption in the rational choice literature that those members with the most information are the first movers.     

Ballot position and election results: Evidence from a natural experiment

Candidates listed first on the ballot paper regularly receive more votes than other candidates, but what role does ballot layout play in this connection? Experimental studies from first-past-the-post systems show that the ballot position effect is causal as the order of names functions as a cue to voters. Does this also hold for PR systems where voters may vote for a party instead of a specific candidate? We identify a natural experiment in Danish local and regional elections involving more than 10,000 candidates on 103 different ballot papers using ballot layout to study ballot position effects. We find indeed, the ballot position/layout has a causal effect on election results in PR systems. Our findings indicate that the empirical domain of ballot position and layout effects is much wider than suggested by previous research.     

企业家刑事法律风险加大的现实困境、本体动因及防范立场———基于刑法本我、自我与超我的三维解析简

在“风险社会”语境下,刑事法律风险是企业家所面临的最为严峻的风险之一.法律滞后与市场创新需求、观念异化与时代进步、制度缺失与责任分配之间的冲突是企业家刑事法律风险加大面临的现实困境.立足于刑法规范的本体分析,规范明确性程度的高低直接关系到刑法风险的大小,我国刑法规范自身的模糊性和“刑法至上”、“刑法前置”、“刑罚万能”错误思维是企业家刑事法律风险加大的本体动因,包括“刑外风险”向“刑内风险”的转移和“刑内风险”自身的加重.针对我国企业家经济犯罪案件处理中存在的误区,应在保持刑法谦抑性的前提下,回归刑法在企业家刑事法律风险防范中的基本立场,即坚持刑法人权保障的本我特色、罪刑法定的自我品性及法律体系内部协调的超我表现,这也是我国法治经济协调发展在刑法方面的内生需求.     

绿化废弃物资源化利用与前景展望

绿化废弃物的高效、经济、资源化利用是现代城市发展的重要内容之一,针对中国绿化废弃物总量不断增加而处理比较困难的现实,该文介绍了国内绿化废弃物资源化处理与利用现状,重点综述了国外绿化废弃物资源化利用的生态途径包括有机覆盖物、堆肥、生物质能源等,以及具体应用情况,最后对国内绿化废弃物资源化利用的前景进行了展望,指出与发达国家相比,中国废弃物资源化利用仍处于起步阶段,没有形成产业化、规模化、无害化,面临着许多问题,因此需要解决现存问题来实现绿化废弃物的可持续发展。     

高校共青团视野下青马培养工程的现状与发展

青年马克思主义者培养工程启动后,高校共青团建设应紧密结合这个重要问题,着眼于从实践角度出发培养青年马克思主义者,明确高校青年马克思主义者培养工程的基本内涵,分析青年马克思主义者培养工程的现状以及面临的问题,采取＂学生＋教师＂的培养对象延展策略、＂理论＋实践＂的培养路径提升策略、＂网上＋网下＂的培养方式拓展策略、＂校内＋校外＂的培养阵地辐射策略等,扩大青年马克思主义者的广度、深度和效度。     

坐势翘腿以腿部为衬垫物书写笔迹的实验研究

笔迹的形成受多种因素影响,书写条件的改变是重要影响因素之一。通过实验,收集不同文化、年龄、性别的人在坐势翘腿以腿部为衬垫物条件下书写的笔迹样本,研究坐势翘腿以腿部为衬垫物书写笔迹的特点及变化规律。