我国侦查中的强制到案措施之不足与整合

我国侦查中的强制侦查到案措施包括:拘传、拘留、逮捕,立法的不足在于:第一,没有明确强制到案措施与羁押的分离,混淆了羁押防范措施与强制到案措施之间的关系;第二,拘留所附带的关押期限太长,而使其变成一种准羁押的诉讼防范措施;第三,没有明确公安机关的无证强制到案措施,从而导致本属警察法所规范的留置盘问措施在侦查中滥用。要解决这些问题,必须建立羁押与强制到案措施分离的刑事诉讼强制措施体系,缩短拘留所附带的监禁期限,整合留置盘问与其他强制到案措施之间的关系,在刑事诉讼法中明确将留置盘问作为紧急情形下的侦查强制到案措施。     

论完善行政许可听证制度

听证制度是民主政治的必然产物,它加深了政府和民众的交流、认同和理解。从听证制度的渊源和《行政许可法》立法宗旨角度来分析,该法有关听证的规定存在着误区与不足,应在扩大听证内容和听证参与人的范围,建立稳定、高效的听证主持人队伍,丰富听证形式,健全事后救济制度以防止行政许可自由裁量权的滥用等方面完善我国行政许可听证制度。     

论行政许可听证程序之案卷排他性原则

听证制度是现代行政程序法的核心制度.<行政许可法>较以往立法对听证程序的规定相比,取得了重大的进步,即确立了案卷排他性原则.案卷排他性原则的确立具有重要的意义,使得听证笔录成为作出行政决定的唯一依据,对行政机关和行政相对人产生新的要求.禁止单方面接触规则和官方认知原则是对案卷排他性原则的补充与例外.     

超期羁押28年案件凸现我国人权法制的软肋——关于谢洪武悲剧的法理与制度分析

超期羁押28年的谢洪武案件是我国人权法制实践中一个悲剧性的典型案例,暴露出我国人权保障机制的一系列突出问题,主要是法律理念严重滞后、有关法律制度不健全、价值取向发生偏差;在人权入宪的背景下透视我国人权法制发展问题,应以尊重和保障人权为立足点推进法制转型,特别是推动法律观念革新和人权法制创新,这是实现依法治国方略、建设和谐社会的必由之路.     

试论我国预审与侦查的关系——兼论预审在公安机关办理刑事案件中的地位和作用

预审是资产阶级法制革命的产物,以后被大多数国家公认。我国的预审机构从建立到与侦查部门合并,又从侦查部门分离出来单独设置直至撤销机构经历了七十多年的演变过程;预审在公安机关办理刑事案件中有着重要的地位和作用,即预审是审理刑事案件不可替代的程序,它是公安机关检验案件审理质量、保障依法办案、不枉不纵的最后一道关口。因此,预审的法律地位不应改变,预审机构不应撤销。     

‘Into the custody of the Serjeant at Arms’: inducing parliamentary attendance in Dublin and Westminster, 1690–1859

Parliamentary attendance could be quite problematic before the advent of modern political parties. For more than a century after the Glorious Revolution both the English/British and Irish Houses of Commons sought to address this challenge by ordering the Serjeant at Arms to take into custody hundreds of absent Members of Parliament (MPs). The extraordinary expedient of turning parliament into a prison, albeit of the softest variety imaginable, did not solve the attendance problem. On the contrary, it became considerably worse after both Houses adopted new rules for adjudicating controverted elections in the late eighteenth century. Nevertheless, the willingness to employ this distasteful and rather ineffective weapon quickly dwindled. The last arrest order for unauthorized absence came in 1859, 112 years before the final occasion on which Westminster was forced to adjourn business for want of MPs.     

改造羁押必要性审查机制的合理化路径

新修正的《刑事诉讼法》第93条对逮捕后羁押的必要性审查作出了规定，这是我国法治建设在人权保障方面的一个重大进步，值得予以肯定。但该条规定过于抽象、笼统，没有细化羁押必要性审查的相关要件。为此，应当进一步明晰羁押必要性审查程序的启动机制、审查对象、审查期限等内容，以使该程序所产生的法律效果和社会效果得到最大程度的发挥。     

Digital Wiretap Warrant: Improving the security of ETSI Lawful Interception

Lawful Interception (LI) of data communications is an essential tool for Law Enforcement Agencies (LEA) in order to investigate criminal activities carried out or coordinated by means of Internet. However, the ability to secretly monitor the activities of citizens also has a great impact on civil rights. Therefore, democratic societies must prevent abuse and ensure that LI is only employed in specific cases with justifiable grounds or a probable cause. Nowadays, in many countries each interception must be authorized by a wiretap warrant, usually issued by a judge. However, this wiretap warrant is merely an administrative document that should be checked by the network or service operator before enabling the monitoring of its customers, whose communications are later handed over to a LEA in plaintext. This paper proposes the idea of employing a Digital Wiretap Warrant (DWW), which further protects the civil liberties, security and privacy of LI by ensuring that monitoring devices can only be enabled with a valid DWW, and by encrypting the captured data so only the authorized LEA is able to decrypt those communications. Moreover, in the proposed DWW framework all digital evidence is securely time-stamped and signed, thus guaranteeing that it has not been tampered with, and that a proper chain of custody has been met. In particular this paper proposes how to apply the DWW concept to the lawful interception framework defined by the ETSI LI Technical Committee, and evaluates how the additional security mechanisms could impact the performance and storage costs of a LI platform.     

证据保管链制度研究

证据保管链制度要求建立自侦查阶段收集证据至审判阶段将证据提交法庭的完整记录体系;除少数例外情形,所有接触证据的人员都必须出庭作证。这一制度对规范侦查、起诉人员收集、运输、保管证据等行为,协助法官和辩护方审查判断证据的真伪,都具有极为重要的意义。我国刑事诉讼法只要求对证据的收集进行记录,而不要求对证据的运输、保管、鉴定等也进行记录,更不要求接触证据的人员出庭作证;这对保障实物证据的证明力极为不利。我国在未来立法时有必要借鉴域外经验,建立系统的证据保管链制度。     

补充侦查造成的超期羁押问题

在我国刑事诉讼司法实践中,存在因补充侦查而造成超期羁押的现象。这不仅严重侵犯了犯罪嫌疑人的合法权益,而且产生了极大的社会负面影响。应当完善相关法律法规,正确适用补充侦查措施,避免由此而造成超期羁押。