“I WANT MY MOMMIES”: THE CRY FOR MINI‐DOMAS TO RECOGNIZE THE BEST INTERESTS OF THE CHILDREN OF SAME‐SEX COUPLES*

In child custody cases, courts will look to the best interests of a child to maintain visitation/custody rights only with the child's biological parent, not third parties. However, with a same‐sex couple, it is inevitable that one parent will not be the biological parent. Thus, when that parent is in a mini‐DOMA state, where same‐sex couples from non‐mini‐DOMA states do not have to be recognized, that parent will be viewed as a third party and lose all visitation/custody rights if the couple separates. This note advocates that mini‐DOMAs allow both the biological and nonbiological parents of a same‐sex couple to have visitation/custody rights of their children if it would be in the best interest of the children to do so.     

COMMENTARY ON “EMPIRICAL AND ETHICAL PROBLEMS WITH CUSTODY RECOMMENDATIONS:” WHAT NOW?

Replying to the paper by Tippins and Wittmann, this commentary notes that the problems they identify have been recognized for many years, yet this has resulted in little change in the practice of child custody evaluations. Three underlying reasons are offered for the stalemate that frustrates the implementation of standards for an empirically based child custody evaluation practice: (a) the economics of child custody evaluation practice; (b) inconsistencies between proposals to restrict testimony in this area and the lack of similar restrictions in most other areas of forensic practice; and (c) inadequate motivation for researchers who might contribute an empirical base for child custody evaluations. Directions for breaking the stalemate are offered for each of these problems.     

COMMENTARY ON TIPPINS AND WITTMANN'S "EMPIRICAL AND ETHICAL PROBLEMS WITH CUSTODY RECOMMENDATIONS:

Although in substantial agreement with Tippins and Wittmann's analysis, their call for a moratorium on the practice of custody evaluators making recommendations to the court does not solve the many problems that they have raised, and may have unintended consequences which place families at even greater risk. This commentary reflects our agreement with some of the authors' major points of contention, focuses on several points of disagreement, and suggests alternative remedies for the shortcomings and ethical problems described in child custody evaluations.     

论子女最佳利益原则

子女最佳利益原则已发展成为各国家庭法在处理父母离婚后子女监护案件时的最高准则。虽然该原则其概念本身含有不确定性 ,具有多种可以不同明确表达的空间 ,但采用该原则的世界各国仍致力于列出若干决定子女最佳利益的具体准则。本文作者主张我国婚姻法应引进“子女最佳利益”原则作为处理子女监护问题时的最高指导原则 ,摒弃父母权利本位思想     

听力测试组合在听觉障碍鉴定中的应用

目的分析不同听力测试方法对听阈评估的作用,探讨组合听力测试在听觉障碍法医学鉴定中的应用。方法对87例外伤后听力损伤者进行听力测试,将纯音听阈测试(PTA)、声导抗、40HzAERP、ABR、ASSR、DPOAEs进行组合。听阈评估采用PTA+ABR+40HzAERP/ASSR,损伤定位采用PTA+声导抗+ABR/40HzAERP+DPOAEs。根据致伤方式的不同,分为头部损伤组和耳损伤组。比较组间DPOAEs阳性率,比较纯音听阈、40HzAERP、ABR及ASSR对听阈评估的作用。结果头部外伤组DPOAEs阳性率明显高于耳损伤组(P<0.05);纯音语频听阈异常耳与40HzAERP语频阈值及ABR比较,纯音语频阈值异常率较40HzAERP及ABR明显高,主、客观听阈明显不符。26耳40HzAERP与ASSR比较,两者在0.5kHz、1kHz、2kHz反应阈均值数相关性较好(r=0.862),ASSR语频均值较40HzAERP低,平均差17dB。结论纯音听阈与ABR、40HzAERP或ASSR组合测试对听阈的评估有互补作用。40HzAERP与ASSR均可以用于语音频率的听阈评估。声导抗、ABR、40HzAERP与DPOAEs多项检查组合,有助于确定损伤部位。     

COMMON COUPLE AGGRESSION:

Based on the experience of finding low-level partner aggression in most couples disputing custody/access arrangements, I reviewed the literature on the incidence of common couple aggression and the impact of parental conflict on children. The pervasiveness of this pattern of interparental maltreatment and its potentially negative effects on children's behavior and emotional development underlay the importance of investigating these issues with such disputing families. The integration of several existing models for clinical-forensic evaluation and recommendations was proposed.     

确立与完善我国的刑事缺席审判制度

近年来,我国发生了许多犯罪分子犯罪后携巨款潜逃国外的案件,但苦于法律没有规定缺席审判制度,人民法院无法作出有效判决,并依据《联合国反腐败公约》追回流失的资产。针对这种情况,我国应借鉴国外成功的立法经验确立缺席审判制度,以适应世界法治发展的潮流。     

试论中关村抽象行政行为听证制度

中关村抽象行政行为的听证制度是指所辖中关村科技园区的行政组织在制定适用于中关村科技园区的规范性文件时听取行政管理相对人意见的一种制度.中关村抽象行政行为听证有着一系列的功能,建立这样的制度有其必要性与可行性,在具体操作时要遵循一定的程序规则与适用范围.     

我国立法型听证的现状及对策

立法型听证是目前最受人们关注,也是问题最多的听证。立法型听证的理想功效是促进政府公共决策的民主、公正和科学,提高政府的合法性。而我国立法型听证制度实施的实际效果与理想功效之间差距很大。为提高立法型听证的实效,我们应改变观念,完善听证参加人的遴选机制,提高代表人代表民意、反映民意的能力,提高听证案卷对决策机关的拘束作用。     

监管场所25例非正常死亡的法医学分析

目的通过对监管场所非正常死亡案例进行筛选、收集,分析其影响因素及法医学特点。方法收集某鉴定中心2000—2015年间受理的监管场所在押人员非正常死亡案例25例,从性别、年龄、历年发案数、死亡原因、死亡方式等方面分析其特征,并对公安类监管场所和监狱类场所的案件性质进行对比。结果涉案死者均为男性,中青年人群为高危人群,历年发案数量呈逐年下降趋势。公安类监管场所的伤害案件发生率(64.7%)大于监狱类场所(12.5%),而监狱类场所的自杀率(62.5%)高于公安类(23.5%)。死亡原因以损伤和窒息为主,其他还有中毒和电击等。结论监管场所非正常死亡案件暴露出执法不规范、监管有漏洞、医疗水平差等问题。进行全面、细致的尸体解剖对于查明此类案件的死因有重要意义。