比较法视野下证人资格审查的程序构建

证人的事实能力与法律能力是证人能力在不同语境下的不同表现形式,两者之间的错位也决定了证人资格实体规则与程序规则并存的必要性。证人在大陆法系中被视为“法官的助手”,具有相对的中立性,法官对证人资格的审查奉行职权主义;证人在英美法系中被视为“当事人的助手”,具有一定的党派性,法官对证人资格的审查奉行当事人主义。我国证人资格制度存在严重的程序缺失,导致公权力运行的失范和私权利缺乏有效救济,应在刑事诉讼程序中设置证人资格的预先审查程序与开庭审查程序。     

刑讯逼供现状调查报告——以监狱服刑人员为调查对象

为了解在押服刑人员未决羁押期间的刑讯逼供现状及其主观认知状况,开展了此次调查。调查表明,公安机关侦查案件时,存在着大量的刑讯逼供行为;公诉阶段检察人员较少使用刑讯逼供;变相刑讯逼供较直接刑讯逼供更为普遍,且在职务犯罪侦查中较容易出现;男性遭遇刑讯逼供的比例高于女性;受教育程度较低的犯罪嫌疑人较容易遭遇刑讯逼供;侵犯财产犯罪更易遭遇刑讯逼供;在押犯中不存在"反直觉现象"。为预防刑讯逼供,建议提高物证技术水平,降低口供作用;对财产类犯罪采取更有效的预防措施;加强对弱势群体的法律援助。     

论美国的正当程序理念及制度对我国环境行政听证的启示--中美环境行政听证制度比较

美国联邦宪法的"正当程序条款"赋予了公民听证的权利,并在此基础上发展形成了一整套听证制度,环境行政听证制度经20世纪后半叶的不断发展也趋于完善,从而给予了公民充分参与环境决策以维护自身环境权益的机会和权利.相比之下,我国的环境行政听证才刚刚起步,有许多地方需要尽快完善.美国完善的环境行政听证制度可以为我们提供这方面的参考.     

论法律意义上的仲裁地点及其确定

结合国际商事仲裁立法与实践 ,阐述了法律意义上的仲裁地点的含义 ,仲裁地点、开庭地点与仲裁庭合议地点之间的联系与区别 ,以及仲裁地点的确定方法。结合我国有关确定仲裁地点的立法与实践 ,提出了准确地确定仲裁地点对于不断地完善我国现行国际仲裁和国内仲裁立法 ,具有重要的理论与实践的意义。     

Assessing Empowerment in Divorce Mediation

The empowerment of disputants is a fundamental concern of mediation research, but empowerment is difficult to measure. This study operationally defines empowerment in a divorce case as an agreed-upon modification of the Texas Standard Possession Order in the direction of granting more time with the child to the noncustodial parent. Using a cross-case analysis of mediated and nonmediated divorce cases, this study found that couples that participated in mediation were empowered, not disempowered, in the construction of their visitation arrangements. Implications for measuring empowerment, litigation, and legislative policy are discussed.     

Referrals to a mental health criminal justice Liaison and diversion team in the North East of England

There is growing interest in the health correlates of people detained in police custody, and a number of innovations have been introduced to try to meet the complex needs of detainees. The implementation of Criminal Justice Liaison and Diversion (CJL&D) Services commissioned by the Department of Health in England is a substantial part of this investment. In this paper, we describe data from 858 detainees who were referred to the CJL&D service of a busy metropolitan police station in the North East of England. The detainees referred to the service had complex mental health needs, substance misuse and a range of vulnerabilities requiring specific intervention. The effective operation of these teams and how they interface with health and criminal justice systems also depend upon a number of systematic issues that emanate both from within the teams, and from external policy drivers.     

Health characteristics of older police custody detainees in London,UK

The number of older adults involved in the criminal justice system is rising. Little is known about the state of health in older people who are arrested. This study compared characteristics and health care needs of older police custody detainees with their younger counterparts. The health characteristics of 57 police detainees aged over 50 were compared with 543 younger detainees. Older detainees had significantly higher rates of physical illness and risk of alcohol withdrawal. Although there were equivalent rates of mental disorder and drug taking compared with younger detainees, a higher proportion had presentations consistent with cognitive impairment due to possible dementing processes. Over 80% of older detainees were recommended to have a health assessment in police stations based on their presentation. Police detainees over 50 should be considered to have a health assessment as routine procedure. Further investigation should also be conducted into cognitive impairment in this group.     

辩论主义的根据

对辩论主义的根据,理论上存在本质说、手段说、防止意外打击说、程序保障说、多元说、法探索主体说、信赖真实协同确定说等观点,它们从不同的角度论证了实行辩论主义的必要性。由于现代民事诉讼法的价值理念包括实体价值和程序价值两个方面,并且民事诉讼在客观上乃民事诉讼法和民事实体法共同作用的“场”,因而辩论主义的确立和贯彻,有其实体根据和程序根据,是以此为基础的多元根据的必然要求。     

圆明园湖底防渗工程公众听证会的法律性质研究

《环境保护行政许可听证暂行办法》规定了环境行政许可听证制度。《环境影响评价法》规定了“专项规划编制环境影响报告书听证”和“建设项目编制环境影响报告书听证会”两类制度。另外,在我国还有环境行政处罚听证制度。圆明园湖底防渗工程公众听证会并非上述意义上的“听证”,而是类似于英国“非法定听证”的一类新型听证。现阶段立法应规定,该类听证可以参照适用《暂行办法》,予以必要的立法规制。     

论行政许可中的听证制度

听证制度是我国行政许可实施运作中的崭新内容 ,是作出正确重大行政许可决定的重要保障。本文探索了听证制度的渊源 ,分析了听证制度的重要价值 ,明确了酌定行政许可听证范围 ,提出了控制听证主持人公正性的措施