Examining the relationship between sexual offenders and their victims: Interpersonal differences between stranger and non-stranger sexual offences

Abstract

The present study examined the behavioural differences in sexual assault offences in relation to the offender–victim relationship (stranger versus non-stranger). These differences were examined specifically in the context of four interpersonal themes of interaction: dominance, submission, hostility and cooperation. The details of 100 sexual offence cases (50 stranger and 50 non-stranger) were content-analysed, generating 58 dichotomous variables, covering offender and victim behaviour during the offence. χ² tests comparing the two samples found that offenders who were strangers to their victims were more likely than non-stranger offenders to display behaviours that indicate a hostile, violent offence style. In contrast, those offenders who knew their victims were more likely than strangers to display a less violent and more personal, compliance-gaining offence style. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for offender rehabilitation and victim support.     

准确分析伤病关系是人体损伤程度鉴定的关键

损伤与疾病的关系是法医临床鉴定实践中经常遇到的问题,在人体损伤程度的鉴定中往往直接关乎鉴定意见,值得高度重视。最新发布的《人体损伤程度鉴定标准》对伤病关系处理原则做出了规定,是法医学的一大进步。准确分析伤病关系,要掌握损伤、疾病、损伤性疾病及损伤后疾病、病理基础、潜在性疾病及既往伤病等概念,对损伤与疾病的因果关系进行恰当的分析,并将分析结果运用到损伤程度的鉴定中。在伤病关系分析时,应当遵循事实因果关系的认定原则,从时间上的先后关系、解剖部位上的吻合性以及逻辑上的关联等角度加以论证。损伤程度的鉴定须遵循刑事证据的证明原则．排除合理怀疑。故鉴定人应注意采用恰当的分析方法,尽可能从更高的标准证明伤病关系是否存在。病理学、病因学、临床学上的因果关系,其证明价值要显著高于流行病学、案例报道及实验医学上的因果关系,在实际应用中应高度关注．     

犯罪心理痕迹与犯罪心理现场关系论

心理痕迹是对物质痕迹的反映,犯罪心理痕迹是当事人等历经罪案的记忆,以及物证所反映的犯罪行为的"心理留痕"。犯罪心理现场是罪案引起的心理活动状态,近似广义的心理痕迹。心理痕迹的特点是心理载体的物质客观性、心理痕迹的意识潜在性、心理信息传递的间接性、心理要素的相对稳定性、心理面貌的独特性,心理现场的特点是精神世界的相对独立性、认识主体的主观能动性、案件信息的主观扩张性、案件意义的法律抽象性。在心理的潜隐与动静之间,体现着痕迹反应性和现场能动性、静态痕迹和动态现场、痕迹点和现场面、信息存留和信息扩展的辩证关系。犯罪心理现场重构是再现案件事实的方法,犯罪心理画像是表现作案人个性等的分析结果。犯罪心理痕迹和犯罪心理现场相互依存。     

Developing a University-Wide Institutional Response to Sexual Assault and Relationship Violence

SUMMARY

Students may be predisposed to benefit from mandatory service-learning programs based on their gender and upon whether their parents serve as models of helping. The role of each of these variables was examined in a survey of seventh grade students (n = 86) who were required to complete service during the school year. Results demonstrated that girls felt more positively about the specific program and were more likely to intend to help in the future than boys. Students with parental helping models were also more likely to intend to help in the future. Girls with parental models were more likely to have altruistic self-images than girls without parental models whereas the presence of parental helping models had no effect on boys' altruistic self-image. These results are discussed with regard to socialization of prosocial behavior in both boys and girls.     

论新《刑事诉讼法》中的看守所

2012年3月14日修改的《刑事诉讼法》对人们关注的看守所问题予以回应,条文中十次出现"看守所"。从新《刑事诉讼法》规定来看,看守所应当视为刑事诉讼法律关系主体,依法享有独立的诉讼地位。其所展示的看守所的诉讼职能可以归结为两个方面,一是未决羁押的执行职能,二是部分刑罚的执行职能。现行看守所事实上隶属于同级公安机关,应当重置看守所管理体制,保证看守所中立。     

中欧国家媒体的“中国观”:基于媒体报道的分析

本文通过对一段时期内中欧四国(捷克、波兰、匈牙利、斯洛伐克)部分主流媒体涉华报道的主要内容、对华评价、信息来源、议题设置以及对双边关系的态度等进行指标分析发现,当前中欧四国媒体的中国观非常复杂:政治和社会文化议题呈现出明显的负面态度;经济上兼具正负两方面态度;在中美矛盾冲突日益激烈背景下,中欧国家媒体并没有出现“站队美国”的倾向;在科技领域,承认中国在网络技术和数字经济领域的进步和领先地位。中欧国家媒体中国观的一个重要出发点是在发展对华关系中获得实际利益,中国的国际影响力对本国会产生何种作用。中欧国家媒体中国观的形成是其各自国家利益、历史经验、价值观、舆情民意等多种因素互动作用的结果。本文从“议程设置论”角度探讨了中欧媒体中国观的呈现方式以及中欧媒体中国观的代表性问题,即媒体是反映本国精英的中国观还是大众的中国观。     

打造“警察品牌”,培养品牌意识——构筑新型的警民互动关系模式

品牌是一种无形的资产。将经济学的“品牌”概念借用于警察行业,从如何打造警察品牌、培养警察的品牌意识这一视角展开深入思考,以期探索出一种新的警民互动关系模式,树立良好的警察品牌形象,从而最大限度地赢得公众的理解、支持与合作,以促进警察工作的顺利开展。     

论警察礼仪在构建和谐警民关系中的主导作用

警民关系的最佳境界是和谐。警察礼仪,不仅可以提升公安队伍的整体素质和执法效益,塑造公安民警的良好形象,而且可以增强公安队伍的亲和力和影响力,但从基层执法执勤来看,警察礼仪意识淡薄行为时有发生,直接影响到整个警队在人民群众心目中的形象和警民关系的和谐。因而必须从全警礼仪小节抓起,苦练内功,内强素质,外树形象。通过自身形象的塑造和实际行为来影响社会公众,主导和谐警民关系的构建。