小产权房合法化的法理探讨

我国现行的二元土地制度及城市房价的不断飞涨使得小产权房在全国各地的城市房屋买卖市场上占据了一定的份额。给予城市居民、农民的权利对等的保护是正义的基本要求;满足城市居民多元化的住房需要和促进房地产市场公平竞争是秩序稳定的基本要求;实现农民、城市居民和政府利益的最大化是三方和谐共处的基础。因此,小产权房合法化有其合理依据。     

我国行政给付制度的基本原则

行政给付指行政主体在公民失业、年老、疾病或者丧失劳动能力等情况或其它特殊情况下,依照有关法律、法规、规章或政策的规定,赋予其一定的物质权益或与物质有关的权益的具体行政行为。我国行政给付制度的确立应遵循法治原则、与经济发展水平相适应原则、合理性原则和信赖保护原则。     

刍论中国脑死亡立法

＂脑死亡＂立法属于科技含量高,人权及伦理学混杂的法律进程。全文对脑死亡立法作了理论基础分析,对脑死亡立法的必要性,目前面临的主要问题作了探讨,提出对脑死亡立法的建议。     

创建“养护者受益”环保法基本原则

“公地的悲剧”自英国的“圈地运动”始得以有效遏制,而保持公地基本制度下的环境保护也仍然在赋予公民无可辩驳的义务与责任之中持续着各种形式的环保投资,可实践证明形式的多样性和不啬资财并未能有效地阻止自然生态环境的持续恶化。究其根源,无不与公地基本制度和法律层面除私有化之外,一直没有公地独特的接纳或认可私权内在的权义对等所需求的基本原则和制度有关。在市场经济条件下,承认并保护公地之上私人为环保所付出劳动和养护投入所获得的权益至关重要,为此,拟创设“养护者受益”环保法基本原则,来弥补公地自然生态环境保护忽视私权关怀之严重缺陷,以期阻止“公地的悲剧”的延续。     

党员干部必须树立正确的物质利益观

党员和干部的物质利益观是衡量他们是否先进的基本价值尺度，因而决定着他们能否成为实践社会主义核心价值体系的模范。新时期党的思想建设所面临的突出问题是错误的物质利益观在部分党员和干部中滋生蔓延，这是部分党员和干部背离社会主义核心价值体系的深刻思想根源。因此，树立正确的物质利益观是党员和干部实践社会主义核心价值体系的必然要求。     

金融诈骗罪立法体系之重构

我国刑法理论通说认为，金融诈骗罪的主要客体是金融秩序，但刑法典却将本类罪规定为结果犯、目的犯。这种构成形态与立法趣旨的悖反，源于人们对金融诈骗罪法益的模糊认识。金融诈骗罪属于诈骗罪的一种特殊形态，其主要客体应是公私财产权。我国刑法应当调整本类罪的体系，将其置于诈骗罪之下。     

收回死刑复核权面临的难题及其破解

It is of great significance for the Supreme Court of China (SCC) to take back the power of having judicial review for death sentences. For that purpose, first, we have to amend the procedures for judicial review for death sentences, including precisely defining the responsibility of the SCC to review death sentences, determining appropriate modes of review, prescribing the time limit of review, allowing the participation of defense lawyers and prosecutors, etc. Second, we must also amend the appellate procedures for capital cases, including holding hearings, comprehensive trial of key cases, and adjusting the time limit for the second instance. Third, we must improve relative systems that can directly affect the trial quality of capital cases, including the improvement of evidentiary rules, the reform of judicial committees, and the forbiddance to change an original sentence into a death sentence. Long Zongzhi, professor, chairs the academic commission at Southwestern University of Politics and Law. Meanwhile, he takes the vice chair of the supervising committee of legal education in the Ministry of Education of China. He advanced the theory of dual structure of criminal litigation in early 1990s and put forward the theory of relative reasonableness in late 1990s, which exerted great influence in academic law. Moreover, he has published a great number of works on criminal litigation, judicial system, and evidence law.     

近亲属请求死亡赔偿的法理基础

死亡抚恤金是国家或有关单位按相关法规规定给予死者近亲属和被扶养人一定金额的慰问金及生活补助费,抚恤金代替不了死亡赔偿。死者已无从取得主张赔偿的权利,但法律不能无视利益受到损害的近亲属。基于身份关系的重要性,从亲属法的角度进行分析,应当以近亲属身份权被侵害作为近亲属索赔的理论依据,近亲属不仅可以向直接致害人提起死亡赔偿,也可以要求学校和政府承担起相应的责任,这样才能使近亲属被侵害的身份利益得到真正的救济。     

死刑的适用原则与存废之争

死刑是以剥夺犯罪人生命为内容的最为严厉的刑罚，应遵循公正、功利与人道三大原则。死刑是起源最早的刑种，在几千年人类刑罚史上一直占据着刑罚体系的主导地位。死刑制度走向历来是一个极为敏感的问题。因此，如何评价死刑，保留或是废除，限制或是扩张，不仅是一个法律问题，也是一个非常重要的社会、政治问题。我国作为保留死刑的国家，限制与减少死刑已受到立法和司法的高度重视。     

Blind validation of postmortem interval estimates using developmental rates of blow flies

This study evaluated the use of different degree day (DD) models, developmental thresholds and developmental data sources for estimating postmortem interval (PMI) based on developmental rates of blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Blow fly evidence was collected from three mock crime scenes and sent for blind analysis of PMI. PMI estimates were calculated using averaging, single sine, double sine, single triangle, and double triangle models of DD calculation with minimum developmental thresholds of 0, 6 and 10 °C and Anderson's, Byrd and Allen's, Greenberg's, Nishida's and Kamal's developmental data sets. These estimates were compared with the actual PMI to determine which combination of DD model, developmental threshold and developmental data provided the most accurate estimate. For all three cases, at least one method gave a PMI estimation that was within 1 day of the actual date of death. There was no variability between PMI estimated using the five models of DD calculation. Overall, as lower developmental threshold increased, the PMI interval estimates increased. Depending on the developmental data set used, increasing the lower developmental threshold caused some overestimations of the date of oviposition, with estimates given that were prior to the actual death. Future PMI estimates should include error ranges, so that overestimation of PMI is avoided.