数字图书馆职能及相关法律问题初探

国家数字图书馆的建设 ,标志着我国图书馆事业即将进入一个全新的时代。由于数字图书馆馆藏形式、服务手段、服务功能发生了变化 ,必将带来包括法律方面在内的一些新问题。我国目前还没有一部专门的图书馆法 ,著作权法正在修改之中 ,为此 ,对图书馆应适当放宽著作权合理使用的范围 ,并要全面规范法定许可的条件 ,同时 ,数字图书馆也要依法保护自己的权利。     

The Deathly Sleep of Frederic Leighton's Painted Women

In this article, the author argues that, towards the end of his life, Frederic Leighton (president of the Royal Academy from 1878 to 1896) became increasingly preoccupied with painting sleeping and entranced women as a way of simulating death. In turn, death in Leighton's art comes to look like pleasured sinking into unconsciousness accompanied by an irreversible bodily dissolution, which is registered in the multiplying of the ‘endless folds’ in the figures’ drapery. The author analyses key examples of paintings by Leighton of sleeping and sleepy women—namely, Cymon and Iphigenia (1884), The Garden of the Hesperides (1892) and Flaming June (1895)—within the context of late Victorian anxieties around sleep and its resemblance to death. In these works, Leighton twists and elongates the sleeping women's necks and limbs to make them appear dangerously serpentine, while increasing the activity of the drapery to register both the meanderings of the subconscious and the dissolution of the body. The drapery disorganizes classical form, taking on the appearance of liquid, hair and melted wax.     

超越死亡的文学——从超越死亡的视角对川端文学的探究

对死亡的关注以及"超越死亡"的文学理念是一条时粗时细的线,贯穿了川端整个的文学创作。川端早期作品中对死亡的抵抗意识的流露、新感觉派时期的"万物一如、轮回转生"思想的提出、战争期间作品中对人类生命价值的纯粹的追求、战后的"回归传统"与"进入魔界"以及获诺贝尔文学奖后的对日本文化的宣扬,这一切都从不同的角度体现了川端的"超越死亡"的文学理念。正是透过川端的这一文学理念,我们发现表面上对现实与人生毫不关心的川端文学,实际上对现实和人生乃至对社会有着强烈的关照。     

交通肇事罪共犯质疑

最高人民法院在司法解释中,将指使交通肇事逃逸致人死亡的行为人,以交通肇事罪的共犯论处,这一规定存在不足.因为交通肇事罪是典型的过失犯罪,而我国刑法对共同过失犯罪规定不以共同犯罪论处.司法解释虽然间接承认了共同过失犯罪,但对指使逃逸的行为人以交通肇事罪的共犯论处还是有失妥当的,且没有考虑二者构成间接故意杀人共犯的情况.     

论死刑核准权的收回与死刑复核程序的完善

少杀、慎杀是严格限制死刑适用的重要刑事政策。因特定时期的需要而将部分死刑案件的核准权长期、大范围下放,带来诸如死刑适用的标准不统一,二审程序与死刑复核程序“合二为一”,违反法律适用和法制统一原则,不符合尊重和保障人权原则等严重弊端,应当采取果断措施,将死刑核准权收回。设立最高人民法院分院是将死刑核准权收回最高人民法院的最佳方案。并结合司法实践,就应否坚持全面复核、全案复核、规定死刑复核案件审理期限、实行开庭审理、死刑案件实行三审终审制等如何完善死刑复核程序问题进行了探讨。     

根据蝇类蛆长度变化系数θ推断尸体死亡时间

目的通过动物实验,探寻嗜尸蝇类蛆的生长长度与尸体死亡时间之间的关系,从而为判断尸体死亡时间提供参考依据。方法将实验用犬击毙后观察尸蝇来到犬尸上的时间、产卵时间、卵期、蛆增长到规定长度所需时间。结果证实蛆虫长度与尸体死亡时间存在正相关性,并进而推算出相关系数θ,从而推导出了一个通过蛆虫长度计算尸体死亡时间的公式。结论通过实际案例的验证,通过该公式可以计算出尸体的大致死亡时间。     

基于人工智能硅藻自动化识别系统的实际案例应用

目的探讨人工智能硅藻自动化识别系统在实际案例中的应用,为应用该系统进行硅藻定量分析提供参考,并对该系统所搭载的深度学习模型进行验证。方法收集10例水中尸体的器官进行硅藻硝酸消解,利用数字化切片扫描仪将涂片数字化扫描后,使用人工智能硅藻自动化识别系统进行硅藻的定性定量检测。结果该人工智能硅藻自动化识别系统所搭载的深度学习模型的受试者操作特征(receiver opera⁃tor characteristic,ROC)曲线的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)达到98.22%,硅藻识别的查准率达到92.45%。结论该人工智能硅藻自动化识别系统实现了硅藻的自动化识别,可用于实际案例中硅藻的辅助检验,并为水中尸体的死因鉴定提供参考依据。     

Can computed tomography replace or supplement autopsy?

Postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) has been integrated into the practice of many forensic pathologists. To evaluate the utility of PMCT in supplementing and/or supplanting medicolegal autopsy, we conducted a prospective double-blind comparison of abnormal findings reported by the autopsy pathologist with those reported by a radiologist reviewing the PMCT. We reviewed 890 cases: 167 with blunt force injury (BFI), 63 with pediatric trauma (under 5 years), 203 firearm injuries, and 457 drug poisoning deaths. Autopsy and radiology reports were coded using the Abbreviated Injury Scale and abnormal findings and cause of death (COD) were compared for congruence in consensus conferences with novel pathologists and radiologists. Overall sensitivity for recognizing abnormal findings was 71% for PMCT and 74.6% for autopsy. Sensitivities for PMCT/autopsy were 74%/73.1% for BFI, 61.5%/71.4% for pediatric trauma, 84.9%/83.7% for firearm injuries, and 56.5%/66.4% for drug poisoning deaths. COD assigned by reviewing PMCT/autopsy was correct in 88%/95.8% of BFI cases, 99%/99.5% of firearm fatalities, 82.5%/98.5% of pediatric trauma deaths, and 84%/100% of drug poisoning deaths of individuals younger than 50. Both autopsy and PMCT were imperfect in recognizing injuries. However, both methods identified the most important findings and are sufficient to establish COD in cases of BFI, pediatric trauma, firearm injuries and drug poisoning in individuals younger than 50. Ideally, all forensic pathologists would have access to a CT scanner and a consulting radiologist. This would allow a flexible approach that meets the diagnostic needs of each case and best serves decedents' families and other stakeholders.