民事司法确认程序若干问题研究

民事司法确认程序,是不同于现有的诉讼程序、非讼程序以及特别程序的一项独立的司法程序。该程序在设置上不仅确认的范围及其案件类型应当有所限制、审查的方式应当是开庭审查与书面审查同时并行、审查的形式应当是公开审查与不公开审查并行、审查的类型应当是形式审查与实质审查并行,以及法律文书应当采用＂确认书＂的形式,对于案外人的救济,应当采用向原确认法院提起诉讼的救济方式。这种基于我国解决纠纷的现实需要创立的新的程序制度,是近几年来民事司法改革的一个显著亮点,对于促进我国民事纠纷的解决具有重大的意义。     

现代性、社会分层与监狱类型发展

监狱类型是刑罚思想影响下监狱形态的多向度的存在,是历史性与现实性相融合的制度话语。在现代性语境下,监狱虽然一般多以罪犯的年龄、性别、人身危险性等为标准设定．但按照高、中、低等三种基本警戒度来分类监狱,也渐成趋势。当下,建构监狱类型不应悬置或忽视社会分层与社会流动问题。押犯入狱前的阶层身份,对其服刑与改造历程的影响是相当复杂、深刻的。监狱分类与分级管理,都应当关注囚犯来源阶层构成。从现有押犯捕前阶层构成来看,起码要针对来自于中间阶层和底层的囚犯设定监狱类型,即可以考虑增设“中间／中产阶层”监狱和“农业／无业阶层”监狱,以推进法治维度上的监狱类型的发展。     

Alu家族在法医DNA分析中的应用

Alu家族是灵长类特有的短散在重复序列,在人类基因组内含量丰富,分布广泛,甲基化程度高,有种属特异性和插入变异,为法医DNA分析面临的许多问题提供了潜在的解决途径。目前,Alu元件在法医DNA分析中的应用包括:DNA定量、种属鉴定、种族鉴定、性别鉴定、个体识别和亲子鉴定,以及全基因组扩增等。本文总结各种基于Alu元件的法医DNA分析技术的原理和特点,探讨Alu元件的法医学研究和应用前景,供相关学者参考。     

有限元方法在法医学颅脑损伤分析中的应用

有限元方法(finite element method,FEM)是一种与现代计算机技术相联系的计算应力分析方法,已逐渐被应用于生物力学领域仿真人体结构力学功能研究,尤其是在颅脑损伤研究中最为广泛和深入。本文综述了现有头部有限元模型的特点、材料属性的赋值以及颅脑损伤有限元模型在钝力击打、高坠、交通事故等鉴定中的应用情况,探讨FEM建模在法医学颅脑损伤预测中的优劣势及其应用价值。     

金黄色葡萄球菌5型荚膜多糖偶联抗原的制备及免疫原性分析

为建立金黄色葡萄球菌5型荚膜多糖(CP5)纯化与偶联技术方法,获得具有免疫原性的CP5偶联抗原,采用高压破碎菌体的方法释放荚膜多糖,酶处理去除核酸和蛋白质,通过离子交换层析进一步纯化,得到纯化的CP5,并对其纯度和反应原性进行检测;采用己二酸二酰肼(ADH)间桥法制备CP5-牛血清白蛋白(CP5-BSA)偶联抗原,加佐剂免疫小鼠,进行抗体水平测定。结果表明,纯化的CP5纯度为675.1g/kg,经用免疫琼脂双扩散试验检测,纯化多糖仅与同型菌株抗血清发生沉淀反应,偶联抗原CP5-BSA可以刺激小鼠产生CP5免疫应答。此研究结果为奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌亚单位疫苗的研制提供了试验依据。     

猪圆环病毒2型XJ-SW株全基因组的克隆与序列分析

应用PCR方法对采集自新疆沙湾地区某猪场的疑似仔猪多系统衰竭综合征病料猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)全基因组进行了扩增,确定了2份病料中的PCV2的分子特征,命名为XJ-SW1、XJ-SW2(Gen-Bank登录号:JN639856,JN639857)。经对阳性样品进行克隆、测定,并应用软件进行全基因组核苷酸序列比对分析。结果显示,2株病毒的基因组全长均为1 768nt;XJ-SW1株与我国山东DE株(GenBank登录号:HM142897)的同源性最高(为97.91%);XJ-SW2株与韩国G2284株(GenBank登录号:JF317587)的同源性最高(为97.51%)。PCV2全基因组序列的进化分析表明,2株病毒为PCV2e基因亚型;对2株病毒与5个不同基因亚型的15株病毒的ORF2氨基酸序列进行比较,结果显示,XJ-SW1、XJ-SW2在ORF2的氨基端与PCV2d同源性较高,在羧基端与PCV2e同源性较高。表明,在新疆沙湾猪场流行的PCV2毒株为PCV2e,该毒株的ORF2存在一定变异。     

Messenger RNA Profiling for Forensic Body Fluid Identification： Research and Applications

Identifying the origin of body fluids left at a crime scene can give a significant insight into crime scene reconstruction by supporting a link betw een sample donors and actual criminal acts. How ev-er, the conventional body fluid identification methods are prone to various limitations, such as time con-sumption, intensive labor, nonparallel manner, varying degrees of sensitivity and limited specificity. Re-cently, the analysis of cell-specific messenger RNA expression （mRNA profiling） has been proposed to supplant conventional methods for body fluid identification. Since 2011, the collaborative exercises have been organized by the European DNA Profiling Group （EDNAP ） in order to evaluate the robustness and reproducibility of mRNA profiling for body fluid identification. The major advantages of mRNA profil-ing, compared to the conventional methods, include higher sensitivity, greater specificity, the ability of detecting several body fluids in one multiplex reaction, and compatibilitywith current DNA extraction and analysis procedure. In the current review ,we provided an overview of the present know ledge and detection methodologies of mRNA profiling for forensic body fluid identification and discussed its possi-ble practical application to forensic casew ork.     

How reliable are eyewitness memories? Effects of retention interval,violence of act,and gender stereotypes on observers' judgments of their own memory regarding witnessed act and perpetrator

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of (i) stimulus person's gender, (ii) type of act (neutral or violent), and (iii) retention interval (short or long) on observers' memory of a stimulus person. Participants were presented with one of two acts: neutral (walking around in a store) or violent (robbing a store). The retention interval was 10 minutes or one–three weeks. The dependent variables were questionnaire items concerning the participants' memory of (1) the stimulus person's appearance and (2) the event, and (3) rating scales where the participants were asked to evaluate the stimulus person's aggressiveness, insensitivity, and other personality traits as well as characteristics of the act. Results showed that when the act was violent, and a long retention interval was used, a female, but not a male, stimulus person was evaluated less harshly than with a short retention interval (enhancement of gender stereotype); a stimulus person was seen as behaving in a more masculine way when performing a violent rather than a neutral act; witnessing the violent act resulted in better self-rated memory of the stimulus person; and with increasing retention interval, the violent act was seen as less negative and the neutral act as more negative (regression toward the mean).     

行政行为分类的逻辑考量

行政行为分类是行政法学研究的重要内容,但对其研究却是极其薄弱。受法学研究路径的束缚,目前行政行为分类的现状极为混乱,所表现出来的症结为前提模糊、方式混乱、立场局限。从逻辑学的角度,以分类标准、分类规则、分类类型为参数对行政行为的分类现状进行梳理和探讨,有利于促进对行政行为研究的深化和扩展。行政行为的分类应当面向司法实践,使得理论研究与实践应用相统一。     

Diamond signs: generic stones and particular gems

Analysis of narratives from ethnographic research with diamond consumers representing the target market (largely middle-class white women between 20 and 50 years of age) reveals how symbolic associations promoted by industry are refracted through interpretations of both adverts and diamonds in general, but shows that local contingencies (basic attitudes and knowledge about diamonds and their production, circumstances of acquisition, and personal histories) are significant in determining meanings of people's own specific diamonds. Far from being batch absorbers of advert discourse, consumers are idiosyncratic, creative, and sometimes playful interpreters, and furthermore may distinguish between these strategies and those suggested by adverts or as performed by others. These findings are in part explicable on introducing for diamond consumption an important distinction between type and token, whereby a token is a specific instantiation of a generic type. This approach contributes to developing methods supple enough to capture consumers’ multi-dimensional interpretive strategies.