From Araucanian warriors to Mapuche terrorists: contesting discourses of gender,race, and nation in modern Chile (1810–2010)

This article explores the complex, shifting intersections between gender, racial, and national identities in modern Chile. Focusing on the figure of the Araucanian warrior who famously defeated the Spanish conquistadors in the sixteenth century, it draws readers' attention to four transformative periods between the first declaration of Chilean independence and the bicentennial celebrations of that independence, and examines the contesting notions of masculinity that emerged in such contexts. Firstly, it analyses the late nineteenth-century liberal State's “civilising” discourse, which was imbued with imperial racist concepts of masculinity; secondly, a protest mestizo masculinity that emerged through the writings of Nicolás Palacios in the early twentieth century; thirdly, a revolutionary masculinity that was exalted by various actors during the Popular Unity government (1970–3); and finally, multicultural, neo-liberal configurations of masculinity in post-dictatorship Chile. It shows how the masculine ideals of physique (strength, impressive build, virility) and behaviour (independence, intelligence, bravery, spirit of adventure) projected onto the noble warrior of old have existed in tension with disparaging attitudes towards contemporary Mapuche demanding respect for their rights. It also underscores the multiple, creative ways in which Mapuche intellectuals and political leaders have engaged with dominant discourses of gender, race and nation in republican Chile.     

浅议民主党派在中华民族创新中的作用

创新是一个民族生存发展的生命线。作为社会主义一种政治力量的民主党派,在中华民族创新中可起到宣传、教育、实践的作用。     

新中国的诞生是中国共产党对中华民族的历史性贡献

中国共产党在成立以来的80年间,为中华民族的崛起和强大作出了巨大的贡献.50年前,中华人民共和国的诞生使中华民族的面目焕然一新,这是中国共产党为中华民族所作的历史性贡献.     

论检察告诉对告诉才处理案件的救济--法理与制度的双重分析

关于告诉才处理案件中的检察告诉制度 ,学界对其虽有论及 ,但真正深入探讨的不多。因而理论上的模糊导致司法实践在此方面操作上的困惑 ,影响了对该制度的有效实施。笔者在对相关制度及立法意图进行全面分析的基础上 ,提出了检察告诉仅仅是一种国家帮助告诉并不能改变告诉才处理案件的性质的观点 ,同时阐述了国家帮助告诉应当遵循的原则 ,并在此基础上提出了对该制度的一些修改意见。     

传统民族服饰之文化剖析

时下,传统民族服饰的发展受到前所未有的冲击,在复兴大旗下,各方人士纷纷为之进言献策,并已达成许多深层共识。但这些共识多数都只是从一个层面或一个方面看待传统民族服饰的复兴。本文把传统民族服饰放入全球化背景中,分别从物质器物、符号和象征物以及传统民族服饰所涵盖的意义三个层面进行文化剖析,以期对传统民族服饰复兴的走向进行总体把握。     

Writing women on the verge of individuality … Citizen subject,consumption and power in the nineteenth-century Swedish novel

ABSTRACT

Three letter-writing nineteenth-century heroines lay out domestic worlds to their fictional readers in which moral sentiment and norms of citizenship versus individual desire are at stake. In an era of nascent capitalism and nation building, these are aspects of significance. But what role does writing letters play? And what impact do epistolary novels have on citizenship and gender at the time? With Michel Foucault and Étienne Balibar as theoretical framework, this article discusses three epistolary novels—The Illusions (1836) by Sophie von Knorring in connection to Grannarne (1837) by Fredrika Bremer and Araminta May (1838) by Carl Jonas Love Almqvist—in order to discern how female writing produces the gendered citizen.     

Fit bodies,strong races,modern nations

The Introductory Essay places the articles collected in the dossier within current debates on race, gender and nation. First, it examines the notion of “Latin” eugenics, both as a non-hereditarian approach to race improvement and a form of Fascist cultural diplomacy based on the export of Italian racial knowledge. Second, it explores the way in which the visual representation of women's bodies shaped the “eugenics gaze” of an idealized racial nation, as well as her racial “others”. Third, it analyses the racialization of immigration by looking at how dominant groups established eugenics preferences for certain foreigners based on popular assumptions of moral worth and physical strength.     

A community under siege: exclusionary education policies and indigenous Santals* in the Bangladeshi context

Abstract

This article presents and analyses the voices and responses of the research participants about the impact of exclusionary formal and informal education policies imposed on the Santal community in Palashpur, Bangladesh (Palashpur is a pseudonym for the site of my research; it is also a metaphor for contested space where the colonial power and politics of the nation state exert domination and subordination). These policies are implemented through a state-led, centralised, monolingual and exclusionary curriculum in local primary and secondary schools, schools run by the churches, and schools supported by nongovernmental organisations. The education policies in Bangladesh bear the legacy of the combined forces of cultural homogenisation and social exclusion rooted in the colonial learning structure and its objectives. Embedded in these policies are elements of the civilising mission, an ultra-religious assimilative but exclusionary nationalistic agenda, and Western values of modernity and development. In this rural context, these alien ideologies and practices in education are actively engaged in eliminating local institutions, the knowledge system of indigenous peoples, the texture of their lives, their joy of living, their spirituality and their sense of being. This article reveals how, imposed from above, education policy and practices have dispersed an indigenous community to negotiate a life that goes against the interests of the community itself and its members.     

环境犯罪法益之研究

环境犯罪,是在新形势下频发的一种犯罪形式,也是经济社会发展到一定阶段的产物。关于该种犯罪,各国都在其法律中规定了打击方式和杜绝形式,我国也在1997年《刑法》第六章中规定了相关罪名。但是,这还不能完全适应科学发展观大背景下我国环境保护与资源节约的现实,这就需要从理论角度对完善环境刑事法规提供借鉴。目前,学者们对该类犯罪的范围、主体、责任等研究较多,但对其客体,即法益研究较少且成果不一,文章就此展开论述,并提出环境犯罪的法益为国家的生态安全权和公民的生态安全权,为完善环境刑事犯罪体系提供立法思路。     

明皇朝的覆没与中国社会政治治理模式碎裂——中国选择社会主义道路的历史辨析

中国从1840年鸦片战争失败后,逐步跌入半封建半殖民地的深渊.历史地看,近代以来中国之所以被西欧社会发展迅速拉开距离,实是明皇朝276年统治所造成的.两败俱伤的中国社会政治治理模式,使得明皇朝成为历朝历代最腐朽,阻碍中国社会发展最严重的封建皇朝.明皇朝的覆没,以及李自成建立的大顺朝如流星般地消逝,表明中国社会政治治理模式碎裂.中国走向现代化,必然要转换社会政治治理模式.17世纪中期至20世纪中期的三个世纪,经过艰难曲折的探索,中国终于接受马克思主义,完成新民主主义革命,走上社会主义发展道路,实现社会转型.历史表明：社会主义是中华文明发展的自我选择,是实现中华民族伟大复兴的必由之路.