The rise of illiberal politics in Southeast Europe

ABSTRACT

Democracy is backsliding throughout Southeast Europe but there are no signs of full democratic breakdown. Instead, political parties and their leaders incrementally undermine challenges to governmental authority while keeping electoral contest largely intact. This article introduces a special issue that aims to examine and explain democratic decline by looking at the prevalence of illiberal politics across countries and issues. In order to overcome the limitations of fixed regime classification we adopt a procedural lens and look into governing practices that gradually tilt the electoral playing field. Utilizing the concept of Illiberal politics allows us to examine sets of policies enacted by political parties in government with the aim to remain in power indefinitely. By tracing democratic decline in Serbia, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Albania, and Croatia we observe different patterns of weakness, but also common causes arising from weak institutions and inherited governance practices that preserve executive dominance, patronage, and informality.     

党校函授教育必须加强班委会作用和学员自我管理能力

加强班委会作用和学员自我管理能力是党校函授教育的特点和规律的客观要求,要建立健全组织体系,拓展教育内涵,培育校园文化。     

浅谈城市道路交通的有效管理

保障道路交通畅通,减少交通事故,确保交通安全,是道路交通管理所要研究的重要内容,若要达到更有效地管理,就必须在提高交通管理科技含量的同时,从深化交通安全宣传、注重道路交通设施建设、提高交警的整体素质入手,在交通管理中达到事半功倍的效果。     

论《治安管理处罚条例》的修改与完善

现行《治安管理处罚条例》存在着违法行为的种类设定偏少、调整范围过窄,处罚幅度偏低、自由裁量权过大等问题,应予以修改和完善。修改和完善《治安管理处罚条例》,必须遵循正确的指导思想,明确调整范围,科学设置立法体例,增加被处罚行为的种类,设置科学、完整的处罚体系,完善公正、公开的处罚程序。     

The Effect of Religiosity on Endorsement of Democratic Values: The Mediating Influence of Authoritarianism

This study addresses the as yet unaddressed question of the nature of the effects of religiosity and authoritarianism upon endorsement of abstract democratic values. Findings obtained through the analyses of structural equations show that, despite the unsettled political and security atmosphere, Israelis believe in democratic values to a considerable extent. Furthermore, findings do not fully support the theoretical expectation that religiosity is likely to decrease support for democratic values; namely, in and of itself, religiosity has a negligible impact on endorsement of democratic values. Yet again, analyses lend credence to theory on authoritarianism—the negative effect of religiosity on endorsement of democratic values results from the mediation of authoritarianism. These findings are understood and discussed with regard to theoretical implications. The major conclusion, then, in contrast to existing assumptions regarding religiosity and negation of democracy linkage, is that religiosity cannot be considered the sole direct root cause of negation of democracy.     

以“三个代表”思想为指导 树立人本管理新观念

坚持以人为本,是党的十六届三中全会提出的新要求。以人为本,古来有之,也是马克思主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想应有之义。当前用“三个代表”重要思想指导我们树立“人本”观念,对我们的管理工作有着很强的现实意义。     

完善物业管理法律制度的思考

物业管理作为一个新兴行业,法律规范是其运作的基本前提和重要保障。我国目前仍没有一个具有权威性的物业管理的法律规范,现有的政策、法规尚不配套,未能形成一个有机的系统。我国现行《城市新建住宅小区管理办法》、《公司法》、《物业管理公司资质暂行规定》等法律、法规急待修订。     

缩小居民收入差距的税收对策

征收个人所得税是缓解我国居民收入差距悬殊矛盾的有效办法.但目前我国个人所得税征管制度不够完善,常常出现"管得住工薪阶层,管不住新生贵族"的现象.当前只有加大税收征管力度,增强公民的纳税意识,"锁定"关键纳税人,才能充分发挥个人所得税在缩小居民收入差距方面的独特作用.     

两地区医疗纠纷法医学尸检鉴定质量的比较研究

目的研究影响涉及医疗纠纷法医学尸检鉴定质量差异的原因。方法两个具有代表性的法医学尸检鉴定机构所涉及医疗纠纷的相关案例,进行字2检验、t检验等统计学研究。结果通过字2检验发现,在设定的10个指标中,有7个指标存在显著性差异,提示两鉴定单位在“涉及医疗纠纷的法医学尸检鉴定”中检验手段和标准、规范性等均存在极大的差异。结论通过研究,提示法医学鉴定人素质、尸检的标准化和规范化、尸检检材的提取标准化、死因或疾病的诊断标准、会诊制度及法医学鉴定书的书写规范化等是法医学尸检鉴定质量控制和管理的重要环节。     

私营企业实行民主管理的必然性--"知识经济"时代私营企业管理环境的转变

基于对企业未来发展的考虑,即使是私营企业内部也开始关注"外人莫入"的危害,并且也有希望改变现状、输入"外人"的要求.虽然由于种种原因,不少企业主一时还无法完全将意识中的东西顺利地付诸实践,但是,随着企业发展的客观需要,"外人"会不断加入家族企业.随着"外人"的不断增加,其要求参与企业管理和利益分配的呼声也会越来越高,企业的管理权必然不断地"外流"或"下放",最终促成企业将民主管理视作"最后的解决方案".