科学技术发展对刑事证据的影响初探

随着科技的发展及其不断深入到人们生活的方方面面,对刑事证据制度的影响越来越大。科技影响了刑事证据制度的变迁;扩大了刑事证据的范围,使越来越多的非自然物进入证据之列;对于收集、固定和保全刑事证据,既提供了新的手段,也提出了新的挑战;同时对于刑事证据的采信规则也产生了影响。从科技的角度研究刑事证据,可以为我国建立完善刑事证据规则奠定理论基础。     

西部大开发中民族民间文化的法律保护

实施西部大开发战略,为西部地区经济、文化事业的繁荣发展带来了难得的历史机遇。对蕴藏着丰富的民族文化遗产的西部地区来说,保护好民族民间文化是西部开发中的一项重要课题。从民族民间文化的界定入手,分析民族民间文化的保护在西部大开发中的意义,在了解国内外关于民族民间文化的立法现状的基础上,对民族民间文化的法律保护提出建议。     

论德国法中的第三人缔约过失责任

德国法中长期由判例发展出的由第三人承担缔约过失责任的做法已借助新债法的修订正式纳入民法典中,这一对传统意义上理解的缔约过失责任的突破昭示了该责任信赖保护的宗旨,可以对正确认识缔约过失责任提供启示。     

《森林法》修改的几个问题

作者提出了《中华人民共和国森林法》修改的基本思路,主张修改后的《森林法》应该成为森林资源法律子体系中的核心法律,林业行业的基本法律,即全面反映当代新型林业和森林资源在我国经济、社会和环境建设中重要地位和全面作用。认为在修改《森林法》时,必须坚持以可持续发展观为指导,体现当代环境资源法的基本理念,在有关问题上与国际法接轨,认真总结和吸收国内有关环境资源和林业的法制建设经验。《森林法》修改应该建立在对森林的性质、特点和作用的科学认识的基础上,针对我国现实存在的森林资源环境问题,突出森林保护和森林生态建设,加强对经济手段和市场机制的采用,加强对公众参与等社会调整机制的采用。     

大学法治教育的问题与建议

法治教育的内容包括法律知识教育、法律能力教育、法治态度、信念、价值观等。很多学校对法治教育还只是停留在法律知识教育上,多采课程设计取向模式,通过相关课程内容及活动,来涵养孕育法治精神,导致大学法治教育出现了教育范围过窄、教材内容陈旧,甚至教师法治知识不足等问题,推动大学法治教育主要应依靠教育行政机关等教育行政主体从自身职责出发从多方面入手来培养学生知法、守法的意识。     

中国传统行政文化发展简论

中国传统行政文化属于统治型行政文化发展阶段。传统行政文化在历史上虽然发挥了积极的作用,但从根本上已不适应现代行政发展的要求。当代中国行政文化处于传统行政文化向现代行政文化转换的阶段,其发展方向是面向中国特色社会主义现代化的新型行政文化。     

司法的中国特色

中国司法在实现现代化的进程中,存在着“本土化”与“普适化”碰撞和平衡的难题与困境.政治制度的复杂多样性、司法文化传统、国情、大国崛起的使命、政治主体的自决性等多元因素,决定了中国司法应当保持自身特色.与世界通行司法规律兼容,体现高效、便捷,满足民众实质正义的心理期待,维护社会稳定,捍卫国家主权,推进法治国家建设目标的实现,是中国司法应当具有的特色.合理平衡和协调政治化的司法与技术化的司法、专业化的司法与大众化的司法、克制化的司法与能动化的司法,是打造司法的中国特色的重要路径.     

Ideological and pedagogical tensions in an environmental sustainability education project: A review of adult education practices around Lake Fundudzi,South Africa

ABSTRACT

Research in poor communities in South Africa faces intellectual challenges and tensions which offer lessons for evaluating environmental education (EE). This article illuminates five such tensions that emerged during the course of an adult environmental education programme, implemented from 1999 to 2002, in communities surrounding the catchment of Lake Fundudzi in South Africa: tensions arose between traditional and modern concepts of community; between traditional and post-apartheid structures of local governance; between liberal empowerment and traditional conservationist ideologies; and also within and between environmental ideologies and research paradigms. Paramount among the lessons learned is the need to develop multi-, inter- and transdisciplinary (MIT) practices that are sensitive to local community and environmental needs, and to solutions expressed through local residents, community workers and academics – in other words, the recognition and affirmation of local indigenous knowledge systems (IKSs).     

African research and development surveys: Highlights from the South African success story

ABSTRACT

Science and technology have a major role to play in current and future developments on the African continent as a whole. With the vast array of developmental challenges, current thinking needs to be expanded, so that technologies provide increased and enhanced solutions, such that African scientists produce an African response to the very many shared challenges affecting Africa – both as individual nations and as regards African people collectively. Key to developing an integrated science and technology network, within and across nations, is firstly to understand the extent of research and development (R&D) currently undertaken within individual territories and on the continent as a whole. In light of this, the article examines the value and importance of national surveys of research and experimental development undertaken in Africa. Within the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC), many member states now have dedicated departments overseeing state science and technology (S&T) development initiatives. South Africa has the most developed science and technology system on the continent. In recent years, other SADC countries like Mozambique, Botswana and Namibia have initiated projects to measure R&D activities within their territories. Despite this, further North, R&D measurement on the continent is uncommon, both as a result and as a cause of underdevelopment.

The article explores the limited data from selected African R&D surveys in an attempt to understand measurement issues that exist and to detail the value and importance of mapping S&T systems and their applications to developmental issues in Africa. In countries like Algeria, Angola, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia, where S&T systems exist, effective means of measurement need to be established, so that the power of these systems can be harnessed, shared and exploited to benefit the African people. To this end, the African Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators (ASTII) initiative was set up at a meeting in Addis Ababa with the aim of delivering a survey of these countries’ R&D output and potential. This is eagerly awaited by the African S&T community.

At the forefront of African R&D measurement is the South African national R&D survey, administered by the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC). Being an established survey, the South African team is often called upon by other African nations to support the setting up of surveys. The HSRC also trains visiting African scientists in the delivery of accurate and reliable R&D survey data. This article will, for the first time, present detailed results of the most recent South African national R&D survey (2008/2009), together with a trend analysis of historic South African R&D surveys.     

信用本质:经济要求权的实现——基于全球金融危机的反思

肇端于2007年初的美国次级抵押房贷危机以难以预料的方式迅速、广泛、深刻地影响整个世界的经济、政治、以至思想。金融衍生产品的极度扩张与发展,不仅使监管者、中介机构和投资者都陷入风险定价迷失之中,更因为在危机链条环节,不断创造出来的金融衍生产品将法律关系中的信用主体模糊,使得虚拟经济条件下的信用比照实体经济中信用构成要素发生很大变化。传统的信用学说并没有将股权与信用相联系,而在现代经济社会中,资本市场的重要性及其信用问题使股权与信用关系极为密切。随着现代信息技术的发展,知识已经成为资本、生产要素的组成部分,"敏捷制造"等新型的生产方式使得传统的价值链构成发生了重大变革,将知识产权纳入信用的研究范围探讨并揭示经济社会信用本质具有重要意义。