Managing Autonomy: Analyzing Arts Management and Artistic Autonomy through the Theory of Justification

Arts management has commonly been analyzed as a microcosm of the art field, in which struggles between artistic, economic, administrative, and societal considerations are constantly being fought. Using the field theory of Bourdieu, scholars have attempted to uncover levels of functional differentiation within arts organizations, and interpreted differentiation between artistic considerations and economic and administrative considerations as a core element in defining the artistic autonomy of such organizations. In this article, I present an alternative approach to the interpretation of artistic autonomy in arts management. Through the stories of three artistic directors and the way in which they run their theatres, I aim to show the theory of justification (developed by Boltanski and Thévenot) and shed new light on the interpretation of arts management, as well as on the understanding of artistic autonomy more generally.     

用反转录─聚合酶链反应快速鉴别新城疫病毒

根据新城疫病毒基因结构特点及强、弱毒株Ｆ０ 裂解位点的序列差异设计２ 对引物,建立了快速诊断新城疫并能鉴别诊断新城疫强、弱毒株的反转录聚合酶链反应（ ＲＴＰＣＲ） 技术。试验表明,该方法具有快速特异和操作简便等特点,不仅适用于对鸡胚毒的检测,也适用于对病鸡组织匀浆液的检测,是新城疫鉴别诊断和流行病学调查的颇具潜力的分子诊断方法。     

QUESTIONS ABOUT FAMILY COURT DOMESTIC VIOLENCE SCREENING AND ASSESSMENT

Increasingly, family courts are seeking ways to focus limited resources on cases that require the most intervention, tailor court responses and dispute methods to each case, and account for the real differences among domestic violence cases. One of the means to that end may be the triaging or screening of cases. This article raises a number of questions about screening and urges that they be addressed by courts and communities that are considering whether and how to design a screening protocol. Issues include: How should we define domestic violence for the purposes of screening? Who should carry out the screening? How can we maximize the likelihood that we will fully assess the context of the violence in each case? How should we assess the risks or dangers inherent in the parties’ situation? How should a screening effort account for changing circumstances as a case proceeds through the courts? How can information gathered in a screening effort improperly impact subsequent decisions of the court?     

试论农民分化与新农村建设

改革开放以来，由于生产资料所有制的变化、市场经济的发展以及城乡二元结构的松动，原来同质性很高的农民群体发生了严重的分化。新农村建设必须要充分地考虑到农民分化的现状，努力化解农民分化带来的问题，只有如此才能建设一个和谐的新农村。     

干细胞的新来源——羊膜

为了给羊膜干细胞深入研究提供借鉴,介绍了羊膜的组织特点,综述了羊膜上皮干细胞及羊膜间充质干细胞的生物学特性及其诱导的潜能和鉴定方法,并对其在临床医学应用的前景进行了展望。提出羊膜组织来源的干细胞为干细胞的研究提供了新来源、新思路。     

猪前脂肪细胞分化过程中RETN基因的表达

为探讨猪前脂肪细胞分化过程中抵抗素基因(RETN)表达水平的变化规律,从1日龄仔猪皮下脂肪组织分离前脂肪细胞,于DMEM/F12培养基中培养3、5、7、10d后收获细胞。通过油红O染色法观察前脂肪细胞分化,并用实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测前脂肪细胞分化过程中RETN基因表达水平的变化。结果,在前脂肪细胞分化过程中,RETN基因表达水平显著下降(P<0.01),细胞形态亦发生相应变化,即细胞变圆,细胞内脂肪滴体积增大。结果表明,RETN基因与前脂肪细胞脂肪代谢调节有关,其表达水平下调能促进前脂肪细胞分化。     

仔猪胰腺干细胞的多向分化潜能

以分离自1日龄仔猪体内的胰腺干细胞为检测细胞,诱导其向胰腺β细胞和三胚层功能性细胞分化,以证实分离的胰腺干细胞具有多向分化潜能。采用RPMI 1640培养液添加烟碱和肝细胞生长因子诱导胰腺干细胞向β细胞分化;添加5-氮胞苷向心肌细胞诱导;用地塞米松、β-磷酸甘油和抗坏血酸盐联合向成骨细胞诱导;用不同浓度的β-巯基乙醇作用不同时间向神经细胞诱导。结果表明,分离的仔猪胰腺干细胞在向胰腺β细胞诱导后,表现出胰岛素特征性双硫腙染色阳性,不同浓度的葡萄糖刺激诱导胰腺干细胞可分泌一定量的胰岛素;向心肌细胞诱导后,表现心肌细胞的α-actin和肌糖原阳性;向成骨细胞诱导后,细胞表现成骨细胞的碱性磷酸酶阳性和基质细胞钙离子茜素红染色阳性;向神经细胞诱导后,表达神经细胞的神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白、髓磷脂碱性蛋白、神经丝蛋白-200等多种表面标志。证实分离的仔猪胰腺干细胞具有向三胚层功能性细胞分化的多向分化潜能。     

基于牛津郡社区卒中项目分型研究中风(中经络)急性期中医证型与检验指标相关性

目的 基于牛津郡社区卒中项目(Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project, OCSP)分型研究中风(中经络)急性期中医证型与检验指标的相关性。方法 收集225例中风(中经络)急性期患者,根据英国OCSP分型,中医辨证分型分为风痰阻络证、气虚血瘀证、风火上扰证、阴虚风动证。收集患者的既往史、生活习惯、检验指标资料,探讨中风(中经络)患者中医证型分布及OCSP分型与中医证型的关系、不同中医证型患者检测指标的变化。结果 中风(中经络)患者中医证型以风痰阻络证为主。不同性别患者中医证型分布差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同OCSP分型患者4种中医证型分布存在差异(P<0.05)。不同证型患者血清肌酐水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同证型患者尿酸、同型半胱氨酸、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、载脂蛋白A1水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 基于OCSP分型,中风(中经络)急性期中医证型与血清肌酐具有一定的相关性。