从矛盾到共生：论智能化时代劳动教育资源的科技化向度

第四次工业革命的到来颠覆了人类的劳动认知与劳动形式,数字化技术、信息化技术的迅速发展对劳动教育带来巨大冲击,表现为劳动中人类主体性价值被弱化、劳动的教育性被淡化、劳动教育的时空泛在化。究其根本是因为劳动教育资源开发滞后于社会的发展。首先,劳动教育资源认知的滞后导致劳动教育开展的局限性;其次,劳动教育传统资源开发手段使得劳动教育技术落后;最后,劳动教育资源开发的内容处于“象牙塔”中,致使劳动教育与社会脱节。要将智能化时代带来的“危”转化为劳动教育发展的“机”,需聚焦劳动教育资源开发的科技化,更新概念认知、跳出惯性思维,善用大数据等方式促使劳动教育与智能技术和谐共生。     

未成年人不能适用无期徒刑的误区——以刑法第49条和第17条第3款的关系为中心

未成年人能否适用无期徒刑,理论上的观点是否定说。其理由是刑法第49条规定,未成年人不得适用死刑,其法定最高刑就是无期徒刑;根据刑法第17条第2款,无论从轻或者减轻处罚,都不能适用无期徒刑。司法实践一直都肯定未成年人可以适用无期徒刑,但缺乏正确的理由支持。否定说的错误在于混淆了法定刑和宣告刑的界限,未成年人不得适用死刑,其含义是宣告刑而不是法定刑。决定未成年人的责任时,首先应引用刑法第17条第3款,根据其法定刑,最高可以是死刑,如果不需要判处死刑,就是遵守了刑法第49条的原则。虽然大多数情况下,引用刑法第17条第3款就足够了,但是,在绝对确定的死刑以及情节冲突的情况下,必须引用刑法第49条才能解决问题。由于刑法第49条是个原则性的规定,必须修正才能更好地适用。     

对先进典型宣传热的冷思考--从民警早逝现象谈基层公安队伍管理中亟待解决的问题

近几年,各地公安机关陆续推出许多“累死”在平凡而繁忙的工作岗位上的普通基层民警作为宣传典型,并把这些典型当作公安队伍建设的“成绩”。但是宣传这些典型的同时也暴露出公安基层队伍管理的诸多弊端和漏洞。     

Empirical Evaluation of the Reliability of Photogrammetry Software in the Recovery of Three-Dimensional Footwear Impressions

This paper examines the reliability of Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry as a tool in the capture of forensic footwear marks. This is applicable to photogrammetry freeware DigTrace but is equally relevant to other SfM solutions. SfM simply requires a digital camera, a scale bar, and a selection of oblique photographs of the trace in question taken at the scene. The output is a digital three-dimensional point cloud of the surface and any plastic trace thereon. The first section of this paper examines the reliability of photogrammetry to capture the same data when repeatedly used on one impression, while the second part assesses the impact of varying cameras. Using cloud to cloud comparisons that measure the distance between two-point clouds, we assess the variability between models. The results highlight how little variability is evident and therefore speak to the accuracy and consistency of such techniques in the capture of three-dimensional traces. Using this method, 3D footwear impressions can, in many substrates, be collected with a repeatability of 97% with any variation between models less than ~0.5 mm.     

Understanding the Relationship Between Onset Age and Subsequent Offending During Adolescence

This article examines the well-documented relationship between early initiation or onset of criminal behavior and a heightened risk of involvement in offending. Previous research examining this question conducted by Nagin and Farrington (Criminology 30:235–260, 1992a; Criminology 30:501–523, 1992b) used data from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development and found that: (1) onset age was correlated with offending involvement; and (2) the correlation could be explained by stable individual differences in the propensity to offend rather than a causal effect of early onset age. In this study, similar analytic methods are applied to data from the Second Philadelphia Birth Cohort. This data set consists of all 13,160 males born in Philadelphia in 1958 who resided in the city continuously from ages 10 to 18, slightly more than half of whom were non-white. Information from each of the youths was collected from schools, juvenile justice agencies, other official sources and surveys. In a model that mimics previous analyses, we initially found that an early age of onset is associated with greater subsequent involvement in delinquent behavior. When unobserved criminal propensity was controlled, however, we found that a late rather than an early onset of delinquency was related to future offending. In finding a state dependent effect for age of onset, our findings are contrary to propensity theory in criminology. In finding that it is late rather early onset which puts youth at risk for future offending, our findings are contrary to developmental/life course theory. Our results are more compatible with traditional criminological theory that is friendly to state dependence processes, though they too have not to date articulated why a late onsetting of offending might be particularly criminogenic.

关于足底跖区压力分布与年龄相关性的研究

年龄是人体生理机能和运动机能的时间标志。随着年龄的增长,足底跖区压力分布会呈现一定规律的变化,这对于通过足底跖区压力的不同分布推断遗留足迹人的年龄有重要意义。文章利用足底压力分析系统分别采集了20、30、40、50四个年龄段人群的跖区压力数据,对跖区压力分布和年龄的关系进行了统计分析。研究结果表明,足底跖区压力分布与年龄具有明显的相关性,这为利用跖区压力分布推断年龄提供了理论依据和实验支持。     

数字图书馆版权问题解读：资源·传播·服务

随着互联网延伸广度和深度的不断发展,数字图书馆版权纠纷案件日益增多。文献数字化、数据库建设、网络传播、网络信息链接、下载、检索等各方面都涉及到版权问题。这些问题可以归结到三个方面：资源建设中的版权问题、信息传播中的版权问题和信息服务中的版权问题。我们应加强版权适度保护,推行公益性图书馆网络传播豁免权,健全著作权集体管理制度,完善相关法律规范。     

Just Use What You Have: Ethical Fashion Discourse and the Feminisation of Responsibility

ABSTRACT

The rise of fast fashion has meant that young women (even those on relatively low incomes) are able to ‘regularly consume and discard fashionable clothing’ [Buckley, Cheryl, and Hazel Clark. 2012. “Conceptualizing Fashion in Everyday Lives.” Design Issues 28 (4): 18–28. doi:10.1162/DESI_a_00172., 21]. While this development may be aligned with the democratisation of fashion—the fact that the supply chains that deliver fast fashion are not consistent with the principles of global democracy is now also relatively common knowledge in the democratised West. This, along with growing awareness of the ecological harms associated with the fashion industry has contributed to what Elke Gaugele [2014. Aesthetic Politics in Fashion. Vienna: Sternberg Press] has termed the ‘ethical turn’ in fashion. However, despite the fact that young women are often not deemed capable of translating their (ethical) attitudes into (ethical) behaviours [McNeill, Lisa, and Rebecca Moore. 2015. “Sustainable Fashion Consumption and the Fast Fashion Conundrum: Fashionable Consumers and Attitudes to Sustainability in Clothing Choice.” International Journal of Consumer Studies 39 (3): 212–222], nor able to be ‘trusted to consistently make good decisions’ [Brooks, Andrew. 2015. Clothing Poverty: The Hidden World of Fast Fashion and Second-Hand Clothes. London: Zed Books, 241], they are also increasingly being called to recognise their individual role in the politics of global fashion supply chains. Drawing on examples from scholarly and popular discourses as well as online peer to peer communications, this article explores the historical moment of fast fashion as an instance of both the feminisation of consumption and the feminisation of responsibility.     

Gender and Vernaculars in Digital Humanities and World Literature

Abstract

This article discusses the large-scale and world-encompassing aspirations of digital humanities and world literature and their methodological accordance with the analysis of literature in smaller languages and of texts understood in social, transnational, and gendered contexts. Are Digital Humanities and World Literature establishing themselves as fields utilizing analytical tools that are at odds with the aims and perspectives of feminist literary history and reception history as a part of literary history? We argue that gender research and theory is insufficiently developed in both computational literary history and World Literature. An unproblematic understanding of translations, canonization, English as a global language, and the use of large-scale computational methods and formalized interpretive models is in many cases not beneficial for the understanding of texts by women writers or from feminist perspectives. Drawing on feminist criticism of computational methods and arguments for specialized rather than generalized knowledge about literary history, we propose that digitization in some form, be it a bibliographical database or digitization of a corpus of texts, may be thought of as part of the research process in projects oriented towards gender and cultural exchange.     

A Study of Transnational Communication Among Iranian Migrant Women in Australia

Through the analysis of 25 interviews with Iranian migrant women in Australia, this study shows how living in different communicative environments can affect transnational communication practices. The case of these Iranian transnational families indicates that the digital divide, in terms of information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure and communication capacity, may affect the technological quality of ICT-mediated communication. However, the digital divide does not significantly affect the frequency of communication among these families. The findings illustrate that the Iranian migrants in Australia and their family members overseas developed innovative communication practices and went to great lengths to maintain “ordinary” family interactions across national borders.