政治发展:社会和谐的动力之源

和谐社会的目标已经成为当前中国社会的共识,在此前提下,如何切实推进这一进程就成为最重要的议题。在我国,政治发展与和谐社会能否顺利构建之间有着极大的内在关联性。政治发展既是和谐社会构建的动力之源,又是和谐社会实现的基本前提条件。     

The "Essential Domino" of Military Operations: American Public Opinion and the Use of Force

It is a commonly held belief that the foreign policy issue to which the American public is most sensitive is the use of military force. Because American public opinion regarding the use of force is highly palpable, salient, and organized, and because decisions regarding the use of force are some of the most important decisions the nation ever has to consider, the analysis of public opinion regarding military involvement is academically significant and policy relevant. The indication from policymakers is that American military operations require public support. As a result, scholars and analysts have come to realize that public opinion is the "essential domino" of military operations. The relationship between mass American public opinion and the use of military force has become, therefore, the focus of numerous studies and surveys. There are currently several competing explanations—schools of thought—in the literature on why the mass public supports the use of force. This article is an attempt to identify the most prominent schools of thought on public opinion and the use of force, and the central factors associated with each school. Such a review is important to generating policy–relevant guidance pertaining to public opinion and the use of force—an objective made more pressing by the current war against terrorism.     

Advancing police use of force research and practice: urgent issues and prospects

Leading police scholars and practitioners were asked to reflect on the most urgent issues that need to be addressed on the topic of use of force. Four themes emerged from their contributions: use of force and de-escalation training needs to improve and be evaluated; new ways of conceptualizing use of force encounters and better use of force response models need to be developed; the inequitable application of force, and how to remediate biases, needs to be more fully understood; and misconceptions about police use of force need to be identified and corrected. The highlighted topics serve as an agenda for future research. Such research should provide greater insight into when, where, and why force is used by police officers, and how it can be applied appropriately. If implemented, the practical recommendations included in the contributions should have a positive impact on police performance, public trust and confidence in the police, and citizen and officer safety.     

试论我国警察在执法中使用武力存在的问题及规范

近年来,暴力抗法、群体性事件的频发,人民警察作为国家安全的保卫者、法律的执行者需要及时采取行动,现场情况到达一定危险程度时,人民警察就要使用武力来维护社会的秩序与保障人民的生命、财产不受侵犯。但人民警察使用武力的行为不可避免的会对人民的私权利进行侵害,因此对于人民警察在行使武力执法权制止违法犯罪嫌疑人时的条件具有严格的规定[1]。该文对人民警察运用武力行使执法权时存在的问题及其规范的探讨,有利于协调人民警察使用公权力与人民的私权利在冲突时的利益平衡关系。     

The Erratic Behavior of Lesions in Burnt Bone

This study analyses depressed fractures (by blunt force trauma) and circular full‐thickness injuries (drill injuries and gunshot wounds) in charred bones. Fifty bovine ribs (total 104 lesions) were divided into three groups. The first group consisted in 20 depressed hammer‐produced fractures; in the second one, 60 round drill‐holes were produced (30 circular, 30 semicircular); in the third group, 12 fleshed and 12 skeletonized ribs were hit by 9‐mm bullets. Each specimen was carbonized in an electric oven up to 800°C. Morphological and metric analyses were performed before and after: morphological features were preserved, but depressed fractures showed an increase in their dimensions (p‐value < 0.05); the drilled holes shrunk (p‐value < 0.01); the charring cycle increased the number of fractures in samples with gunshot wounds differently in fleshed and defleshed ribs. This study showed the complex behavior of charred bone, for what concerns the interpretation of trauma and how caution should be applied.     

违反安全保障义务侵权行为的赔偿责任探析

公共场所、宾馆、学校等从事经营活动或其他社会活动的人,违反安全保障义务而给消费者或其他社会大众造成人身、财产损失的行为,是一种不作为侵权行为,经营者必须对此后果承担赔偿责任。经营者承担赔偿责任必须符合一般侵权行为民事责任的构成要件。承担责任的形式可能是直接责任,也可能是补充责任。     

统一战线与中华民族凝聚力的互动——新社会阶层统战工作思路及对策初探

中华民族凝聚力的增强离不开统一战线,统一战线的发展需要不断增强中华民族凝聚力.从这个意义上说,在全面建设小康社会、加快推进社会主义现代化的今天,积极探索如何做好新社会阶层的统战工作,既是新时期统战工作内在发展的要求,更是统一战线与中华民族凝聚力获得新发展的一个生长点.     

论教育培训对农村剩余劳动力转移的意义

随着城镇化和农业现代化的推进,农村富余劳动力的人数与日俱增,如何实现农村富余劳动力的稳定有序转移,成为我国当前的突出问题之一。加强对农村劳动力职业技能的培训,提高其就业能力,教育引导其提高综合素质,实现观念上的同步转移,是加快我国劳动力转移速度、提高转移质量的根本途径。     

"强迫组织残疾人、儿童乞讨罪"之解读

“以暴力、胁迫手段组织残疾人或者不满14周岁的未成年人乞讨的”是《中华人民共和国刑法修正案(六)》第17条所新增加的犯罪。根据立法规定和罪名确定的基本原则,其宜称为“强迫组织残疾人、儿童乞讨罪”。强迫组织残疾人、儿童进行乞讨的行为,严重侵犯了残疾人、儿童的人身权利。实践中,应当厘清它与违反治安处罚法的一般违法乞讨行为、拐骗儿童罪、故意伤害罪等的界限。     

再论法治的价值

主流观点认为,法治的核心价值是人的尊严与自由。这是一个可以质疑的观点。在百年中国的历史上,法治的价值主要被理解为救亡与治乱;对于不同的主体而言,法治的价值与意义也是不一样的。要全面地理解法治的价值,有必要把法治的价值分为两个层面：直接价值与间接价值。