关于婚约问题的法律思考

我国现行婚姻法对婚约采取的"既不提倡,也不禁止"的态度造成了司法实践过程中大量民事纠纷的产生.立法机关应当正视这一社会现实,对婚约的法律性质、法律适用、法律效力及婚约的解除等给以明确界定,以利于我国婚约制度的建立与完善.     

论我国外贸代理制的“权责均衡化”

外贸代理作为国际上通用的商事代理行为,在我国经过了二十多年的垄断历程。2004年我国放开外贸经营权后,外贸代理业虽遇挑战,但作为一种贸易趋势仍不失魅力。外贸代理法律制度的完善有助于外贸代理业的规范化管理,能有效协调当事人权责关系,促进我国外贸发展。我国外贸代理制度须借鉴国际外贸代理经验,明确外贸代理人的法律地位及职责,实现我国外贸代理制的真正"和谐利益"。     

论涉台海事案件直接适用国际海事公约

中国涉台海事案件类比涉外案件处理。当中国为国际海事公约缔约国时,公约在涉台海事案件中有直接适用之余地。国际海事公约的直接适用以该公约与国内法存在冲突或者国内法缺失相关规定为前提,当公约与国内法规定相一致时,则适用国内法。同时,应区分私法和公法性质的国际海事公约,私法性质的国际海事公约能够直接适用,而公法性质的国际海事公约其直接适用的范围以技术条款为限。当中国为非公约缔约国之时,因国际海事公约的效力及于非缔约国,因此通过冲突规范的指引,国际海事公约也可以适用于涉台海事案件。     

列宁的党群观及其现实启示

列宁在政党和群众关系问题上有许多预见性的重要观点，如执政党最严重最可怕的危险之一就是脱离群众；只有无产阶级才能保证为大多数人的利益服务；社会主义不是少数人或某一个党所能实现的；民主政党的意见只有通过代表大会才能表达出来。在当前我国社会结构急剧变迁和民众利益诉求多样化的现实背景下，深入分析和探究列宁党群观的科学内涵与精神实质，对于我们党破解执政风险和巩固执政基础具有重要的现实启示。     

论谈判在人质危机处置中的作用

警方为有效地处置人质危机,恢复平稳的社会治安状态,必须充分利用谈判这一极其重要的手段。文章从和平解决、稳定势态、搜集信息及评估形势、施加影响和干扰、为使用武力进行处置创造条件等五个方面阐述了谈判在人质危机处置中的作用。     

Fatal non-accidental pediatric cranial fracture risk and three-layered cranial architecture development

This study examines the influence of three-layered cranial architecture development upon blunt force trauma (BFT) cranial outcomes associated with pediatric non-accidental injury (NAI). Macroscopic and microscopic metric and morphological comparisons of subadult crania ranging from perinatal to 17 years of age chronicle the ontogenetic development and spatial and temporal variability in the emergence of a mature cranial architecture. Cranial vault thickness increases with subadult age, accelerating in the first 2 years of life due to rapid brain growth during this period. Three-layer differentiation of the cranial tables and diploë initiates by 3–6 months but is not consistently observed until 18 months to 2 years; diploë formation is not well developed until after age 4 and does not manifest a mature appearance until after age 8. These results allow topographic documentation of cortical and diploic development and temporal and spatial variability across the growing cranium. The lateral cranial vault is identified as expressing delayed development and reduced expression of the three-layer architecture, a pattern that continues into adulthood. Comparison of fracture locations from known BFT pediatric cases with identified cranial fracture high-risk impact regions shows a concordance and suggests the presence of a higher fracture risk associated with non-accidental BFT in the lateral vault region in subadults below the age of 2. The absence or lesser development of a three-layered architecture in subadults leaves their cranial bones, particularly in the lateral vault, thin and vulnerable to the effects of BFT.     

Correctional officers and the use of force as an organizational behavior

During the past 30 years, bureaucratic managerialism has reshaped how prison staff maintain order. Policies and graduated disciplinary models have replaced coercive methods, reducing disciplinary use of force by prison staff against incarcerated people. Managerialism, however, disguises deep problems in the interpretation and enforcement of use-of-force policies. Drawing on 131 semistructured interviews with Canadian correctional officers (COs), I show how managers and prison staff interpret and negotiate policies to justify using force to maintain order. Although COs frame policies and management supervision as significant checks on their actions, they also suggest that inconsistencies in policy interpretation and implementation facilitate certain kinds of use-of-force decisions, which I define as “construction” and “outsourcing.” I conclude by discussing the broader organizational implications of these findings.     

中国警察使用武器的法定要件及规则

中国警察武力法规定了警察使用武器的主体要件、客体要件、主观要件和客观要件,且每一要件均包涵一些特定规则。人民警察只有全面、准确、深刻地理解这些要件和规则,才能把握使用武器的特定内涵,才能严格做到依法使用武器。     

党校在繁荣发展哲学社会科学中的作用

在当前各种思潮相互激荡、信仰危机日益凸显的情况下,哲学社会科学所担负的任务将更加艰巨,而党校独特的政治、人才、系统优势使其成为推动哲学社会科学繁荣发展的重要力量。因此,党校应主动适应新形势、新任务的要求,通过以下三个方面发挥自身优势,为繁荣发展哲学社会科学作出新贡献：一是加强哲学社会科学研究,发挥＂思想库＂作用;二是加强教研人才队伍建设,发挥＂生力军＂作用;三是大力提高教学培训质量,发挥＂主阵地＂作用。     

中国政治体制改革动力之探究

政治体制改革是我国社会现代化转型的重要组成部分之一。中国政治体制改革的启动是政治支持和经济体制改革的结果，同时也在公民社会的出现、全球化竞争加剧等因素的推动下开始步入正轨。对中国政治体制改革的动力进行探究，有助于我们理解中国政治体制改革的必要性与紧迫性。