欧洲共同体法院的直接诉讼

欧洲共同体法院 (EuropeanCourtofJustice)是欧洲共同体的最高司法权威 ,它的设立旨在确保欧洲共同体法律在成员国之间得以统一解释和遵守。直接诉讼 (Directactions)使得欧盟组织、成员国以及自然人、法人可以向欧洲共同体法院直接提起针对其他欧盟组织或者成员国的诉讼 ,是欧洲共同体法院受理的主要诉讼方式。     

从A级信用企业培育看中小企业融资机制创新——以宁津县为例

融资难已是中小企业面临的一大难题。该文通过对宁津县相关情况的调查,剖析了中小企业发展中的资金需求和融资情况,并从信用企业培育为出发点,对改善地方金融生态环境,进而提高中小企业融资效率、实现银企“双赢”提出对策。     

Normative political theory,democratic politics and minority rights

In Equal Recognition, Alan Patten argues that in a proper relationship between normative political theory and democratic politics, we must make a clear distinction between two questions related to cultural rights: (a) authority (who should decide?) and (b) the substance of deliberation. The question he wants to explore, however, is not the authority question but the substantive question. The aim of this article is to show that an account of equal recognition cannot bracket out the democratic element. It argues, first, that Equal Recognition does not live up to its initial promise, as it contains a number of reflections and recommendations (on language rights, on secession, on the rights of migrants’ cultures) that either explicitly or implicitly include the democratic element. Second, it points at other important areas of political decision-making – such as electoral system design, districting, referendums, quotas – in which it is quite clear that in order to extend equal recognition to minority cultures, we are obliged to take decisions related to the design of democratic institutions.     

Whose Mandate is it Anyway? Brexit,the Constitution and the Contestation of Authority

Over the past year, a seemingly relentless barrage of Brexit‐related challenges has besieged the British constitution, which together have called into question the legitimacy of the political system. Yet, although it is tempting to regard the decision to hold a referendum on Britain's membership of the European Union as precipitating an acute constitutional crisis, this article argues that political and democratic dilemmas arising from Brexit are symptomatic of a wider constitutional malaise, the roots of which extend far beyond 23 June 2016. Flowing out of this, the article contends that the current crisis is one of ‘constitutional myopia’, fuelled by decades of incoherent reforms and a failure to address adequately democratic disengagement; and that the EU referendum and its aftermath have merely exposed the extent to which the foundations of the constitution have been eviscerated.     

Foreign direct investment and the risk of regime transition in autocracies

Economic globalization and, in particular, foreign direct investment (FDI) have often been considered to be catalysts for economic reform and political liberalization. It is argued that openness to foreign investment spurs democratization by empowering pro-liberalization actors and undermining elite cohesion. This article explores and tests three alternative hypotheses linking FDI and autocratic regime survival. The liberalization hypothesis claims that FDI promotes democratization. The state-capture hypothesis suggests that FDI, by increasing the value of power, may raise the risk of an autocratic transition. Lastly, the stabilization hypothesis, contrary to the first two, claims that FDI can enhance dictatorships’ stability by opening new opportunities for distributing benefits to regime elites. The empirical analysis, covering about 100 countries for the time period 1970–2008, uses data on autocratic breakdowns and transition types to test the above hypotheses. The reported evidence does not support the liberalization or the state-capture hypothesis. FDI is found to reduce the likelihood of democratic transitions.     

经济欠发达地区中小企业融资问题探析

长期以来,经济欠发达地区的中小企业始终没有摆脱资金匮乏的状况,而且融资难已经成为制约其进一步发展的“瓶颈”。这一问题在当前国家继续实施宏观经济调控的背景下显得更为突出。文章对经济欠发达地区中小企业融资特点进行了深入分析,并论述其形成的特殊原因,探讨如何通过融资创新化解经济欠发达地区中小企业融资困境问题。     

中国企业对俄直接投资的风险及其防范

尽管目前俄罗斯整体投资环境已经明显改善,但由于法律法规尚不健全、金融体系脆弱、税法繁杂、官员腐败、两国文化差异较大等原因,中国企业对俄投资仍面临较大的国家风险、经济风险、法律风险、社会风险以及文化风险。因此,企业对俄投资一定要提高风险防范意识,做好可行性研究工作,并在企业内部形成统一的风险管理语言,准确把握企业经营中的各种不确定性,并采取恰当的方法转移、降低或规避风险。     

安徽省贸易投资一体化实证分析

80年代以来,安徽省国际贸易和利用外商直接投资（FDI）迅猛发展。该文利用协整检验（Co-integra-tionTest）和格兰杰因果关系检验的方法,运用安徽省1985-2008年数据检验了国际贸易与FDI之间的长期相互关系。实证结果表明：安徽省国际国际贸易与FDI之间的关系是贸易投资一体化。在此基础上,提出安徽省应该注重国际贸易投资政策的协同关系。     

中国海外投资与韩中产业合作新发展的探讨

近几年,随着中国经济的迅猛发展,中国企业逐渐发展为海外直接投资者,这将对世界经济的发展产生很大的影响。中国企业的全球化也将会进一步加速韩国国内产业结构的变化。中国企业与韩国企业不仅在世界市场上是竞争对手关系,在进入中国国内市场以及开拓海外资源等方面还可以成为战略伙伴关系。     

Critical Review of the Equivalence between P2P Lending and Debt-Based Crowdfunding

The equivalence theory between P2P lending and debt-based crowd-funding mistakenly equates the debt-based crowd-funding that recognized by itself and that in the JOBS Act, which has misled the Chinese regulators in terms of regulatory timing and strategy, distorted the credit risk control system in relation to risk prevention, and kicked off many regulatory conundrums concerned with the P2P lending participants’ role in the context of securities regulation. The rules and regulations concerning debt-based crowd-funding in the JOBS Act are not transplantable for P2P lending regulation in China,nor is the securities regulatory regime. In order to avoid the negative effects caused by the equivalence theory, we should abandon it.