A modified direct PCR amplification method using the GlobalFiler™ PCR Amplification Kit on bloodstains collected using microFLOQ™ direct swabs

The standard forensic DNA analysis workflow typically encompasses DNA extraction, quantification, STR-PCR amplification, and CE detection. A direct PCR amplification method eliminates the extraction and quantification steps, shortening the turnaround time for DNA profiling. However, a limitation to the direct PCR amplification method lies in its inability to allow for additional PCR amplification on the same sample. We found that replicate PCR amplifications can be afforded with the following modification to the direct PCR amplification method: after sample collection, the microFLOQ™ Direct swabs were incubated in low TE buffer prior to PCR amplification of the lysate. With replicate amplifications, the impact of stochastic effects during STR-PCR amplification on DNA profile interpretation would be reduced. Additionally, adjustments can be made to template volumes in subsequent amplifications, preventing oversaturated PCR reactions. Our results showed that this modified direct amplification method gave comparable median peak heights, allele recovery and intra-locus peak-height-ratio to those of the standard workflow, while maintaining the advantage of minimal evidence consumption.     

论股东派生诉讼制度

股东诉讼是保护股东权益的一项重要制度,随着《中华人民共和国公司法》(以下简称《公司法》)的实施,股东派生诉讼案件已不乏其例,并呈上升趋势,有些司法实践上的问题亟待解决。分析该制度的价值,并从原告股东资格、股东派生诉讼的前置程序问题、股东派生诉讼被告的确立以及股东派生诉讼的激励机制、约束机制等方面进行评析。     

关于无直接利益冲突现象的社会心理分析

无直接利益冲突的群体成员既有共同的心理特点,又有不同的心理特征。前者包括社会焦虑、不公平感、不安全感、相对剥夺感和受挫感;后者包含趋利避害心理、挫折—攻击心理、受迫害心理、社会认知偏差、偏见、个性缺陷。通过情绪唤起、自我合理化、自我效能感增强、自我奖励、满足宣泄消极情绪需要、行为认同、集体安全感等方式,无直接利益冲突群体成员的心理能量转化成群体冲突行为。     

美国刑事打击恐怖主义融资之经验及启示

"9.11"事件后,对恐怖主义融资加大刑事打击使美国成为国际刑事司法界开展金融反恐的参照样本。美国反恐融资执法机构的重组、刑事立法的及时跟进、加大刑事措施的力度和权限以及具体的办案经验,为我国刑事打击恐怖主义融资提供了经验,并对我国反恐融资刑事立法具有较大的启示作用。     

住房权救济的潜力和程度：以实例分析进行

作为社会权的住房权,虽在世界范围内已得到确认,然而其救济情况却不容乐观。在国际层面,对住房权的救济以间接救济为主;在区际层面,对住房权的救济各区域之间差距甚大,以欧洲较为完善;在国家层面,对住房权的救济呈现多样化发展,或通过宪法规定住房权予以直接救济,或通过普通法律规定住房权予以直接救济,或由州法院根据州宪法对住房权进行直接救济,或通过适用或解释生命权对住房权进行间接救济。     

论涉台海事案件直接适用国际海事公约

中国涉台海事案件类比涉外案件处理。当中国为国际海事公约缔约国时,公约在涉台海事案件中有直接适用之余地。国际海事公约的直接适用以该公约与国内法存在冲突或者国内法缺失相关规定为前提,当公约与国内法规定相一致时,则适用国内法。同时,应区分私法和公法性质的国际海事公约,私法性质的国际海事公约能够直接适用,而公法性质的国际海事公约其直接适用的范围以技术条款为限。当中国为非公约缔约国之时,因国际海事公约的效力及于非缔约国,因此通过冲突规范的指引,国际海事公约也可以适用于涉台海事案件。     

论美国进出口银行的宗旨与经营原则——兼及中国进出口银行制度的完善

经过70多年的历史演变,美国进出口银行不但具有法定的经营宗旨,而且还具有用以支持这一法定宗旨的经济理论依据.围绕其法定宗旨的实现,美国国会还通过立法确立了美国进出口银行的一系列经营原则、如竞争性原则、补充性原则、经营性原则等.相对于美国进出口银行完善的法律制度,我国有关中国进出口银行的制度无论在立法的形式上还是在内容上都有许多不足之处.因此有必要借鉴美国的管理经验,完善我国的进出口银行制度.     

Restitution, Rectification, and Mitigation: Negligent Solicitors and Wills, Again

A solicitor, when drafting a will, can owe a duty of care in tort to the intended beneficiary of a bequest under that will. The Court of Appeal has recently confirmed that where a solicitor has misdrafted the will, the intended beneficiary can sometimes rectify it, and recover the intended gift. The pattern of this rectification is restitutionary, raising the question analysed in this article of whether an intended beneficiary can have a direct personal action in restitution to reverse the unjust enrichment of an unintended recipient. It seems that, though fraught, such an action may indeed in principle lie.     

完善中小股东权益保护立法之我见

完善公司法人治理结构 ,保护股东合法权益是现代公司制度中的重要内容。我国公司立法对股东会的法律地位及其职能等作出了规定 ,但在实践中仍然暴露了法律适用中的若干不足。面对大股东操纵股东大会通过有利于自己而损害中小股东权益的决议 ,中小股东常因现行公司立法相关规定之空白而无能为力。因此有必要尽快完善相关立法 ,为现代公司制度的发展提供强有力的法律保障。     

The logic of interdisciplinary studies

In this article, I argue that emerging economies are systematically becoming more susceptible to both currency and banking crises after financial liberalisation (FL). Using data for 27 emerging economies from 1973 to 1998, univariate and multivariate analyses indicate that the likelihood of currency crises and banking crises increase after FL. In particular, liberalisation allows more liquidity to enter an emerging economy, which finds its way into productive and speculative projects. What is common to both types of crises is a significant increase in speculative financing, thereby increasing the chance for borrower default. Thus, the outflow of international capital becomes more likely. The chance of a crisis occurring in response to changes in short-term loans is greater after FL than before. Similarly, the chance of a currency crisis occurring following a currency overvaluation is larger after FL than before. In comparison, the likelihood of a banking crisis occurring in response to an overvalued currency remains the same. Finally, the results show that the chance of a currency crisis declines over time, while the chance of a banking crisis increases after FL.