Claims to the Past. A Critical View of the Arguments Driving Repatriation of Cultural Heritage and Their Role in Contemporary Identity Politics

Abstract

This article explores the role that the worldwide movement of repatriation of human remains and cultural heritage—from museums and other institutions to minorities and indigenous populations—plays in contemporary identity politics. Beyond the obvious positive outcomes of this process, including a significant democratization of the field of archaeology, the repatriation movement poses challenges, mainly because it relies on concepts such as past–present continuity that are sometimes subtly, sometimes not so subtly, problematic for legitimizing group identities and group claims to cultural heritage and human remains. It is argued that while archaeologists and anthropologists must continue to support the idea of increasing democratization of interpreting the past, they must also maintain the right to remain critical to all claims of the past by any particular group.     

Crafting a Region While Intervening? Regional Discourses on Burundi

Peacemaking interventions do not only intend to facilitate desirable order in crisis contexts but, thereby, the participating interveners also struggle to attach meaning to their own position in the world. The African interveners, loosely organized around the ‘Regional Peace Initiative on Burundi’, engender an image of the self that affects the possibilities for political cooperation on the regional scale. Based on a discourse analysis of an extensive corpus of diverse voices from East and South Africa, it is shown that intervention politics increased regional awareness—but not in a linear manner. The idea of a progressive and autonomous East Africa was strongest in the first years of regional facilitation between 1996 and 1999, when the revival of the East African Community (EAC) was also simultaneously being negotiated. This regional impetus decreased with South Africa's more active participation in the intervention, which envisioned increasing its own country profile instead.     

人格与权利能力的平等性辨析

大陆法系民法经历了一个由人格到权利能力再到人格和权利能力并存互用的发展过程。人格和权利能力也经历了一个由不平等到逐步趋于平等的发展过程。学术界有学者将权利能力区分为一般权利能力和特别权利能力,并据此认为权利能力具有不平等性。该观点没有看到权利能力与人格的历史继承性,也没有看到权利能力与人格在功能以及本质属性上具有同质性,更没有注意到权利能力的抽象性与权利的具体性的差别。在现代市民社会,我们应力倡:世界人民人权平等,人格平等,权利能力一律平等。     

论著作权的权利限制及其立法完善——以网络作品权利限制为视角

作者的著作权、传播者的邻接权、使用者(社会公众)的使用权,三项权利的平衡是立法者的期望。著作权法在保护网络作品著作权人权利的同时也应当对其权利进行合理的限制,以平衡网络作品的创作者与社会公众之间的利益。对网络作品著作权的权利限制是虚拟的网络世界发展的必然。应平衡网络作品著作权的权利限制与反限制。网络作品著作权的权利限制存在着尴尬,以网络作品权利限制为视角对网络作品权利限制在今后的著作权立法时的完善提出了建议。     

论我国《继承法》遗产范围的重构——兼评杨立新、杨震教授版《〈继承法〉修正草案建议稿》遗产范围规制

《继承法》以列举的方式具体规定了遗产范围,这种方式已经无法满足现今经济社会对《继承法》的客观要求。对遗产范围制度的修正,主要应通过采纳遗产概括承受主义,从而将消极财产纳入遗产范围中;采纳不完全遗产制度,以防止继承人恶意逃债;对新型财产性权益、具有人格要素的物、特定法律资格与行为的继承,则应不局限于其法学属性的理论争议,通过立法技术实现对其继承方式的法律规制。这种对《继承法》现代化修正的立法精神本质,是法律主体对因经济基础发生变革而导致的遗产种类多元化、遗产权利义务关系复杂化的法价值需求的实践活动,是对继承权客体制度本土化移植的体系化修正,从而实现法律上层建筑与社会经济基础相适应的法价值选择。     

土地储备库里的权利辨

土地储备库里存有国有土地所有权,但无建设用地使用权,更无宅基地使用权、土地承包经营权以及地役权,也不应该有债权性质的土地权利。该国有土地所有权并不归属于土地储备机构,而归国家享有。     

评析《公司法》第72条——从股东同意权、优先购买权和异议股东购买义务关系的角度

近《公司法》第72条对有限责任公司股权的对外转让做出了规定,设计了股东同意权、优先购买权和异议股东购买义务3项制度,但是这3项制度之间存在功能的重叠。比较其他国家和地区的立法,或对股权对外转让采取自由主义原则,或只规定3项制度的1种或者2种。有必要对《公司法》第72条进行修改,单独规定股东优先购买权是比较好的方案。     

把警察权力关进制度的笼子——以警察权力扩张引发涉警群体性事件为视角

警察权力是国家权力的重要组成部分,它来源于公民权利,又服务于公民权利,两者既相互依存,又须保持动态平衡.而近年来涉警群体性事件的频发,从深层原因来分析,主要是由于警察权力的盲目扩张、高度扩张,造成警察权力的滥用,严重侵犯了人民群众自身的利益,因此一定要把警察权力关进制度的笼子,防止其侵害公民权益.     

“假冒他人署名”的性质认定

对假冒他人署名的定性问题有＂署名权说＂,但该说忽视了著作权依作品的创作而产生的原理。基于被冒名者的姓名被他人擅自利用的事实,应认定冒名行为侵害了被冒名者的姓名权。假冒他人署名往往还会侵害权利人的名誉权,也可能构成不正当竞争行为。     

Research on African Women since 1972: A Commentary

This article discusses several problematic aspects of the call for reparations to Africa for the slave trade. The call for reparations is based on questionable interpretations of international law, and questionable interpretations of history. There are debates regarding both the numbers of slaves, and the characteristics of slavery, in the Americas, the Arab world, and Africa itself, which influence consideration of whether reparations are justified. There are also debates regarding both the contribution of the trans-Atlantic slave trade to Western development, and how the trade under-developed Africa. Thus, the call for reparations is heavily based on a counterfactual approach. Nevertheless, serious discussion of whether the West owes reparations to Africa for the slave trade might deflect the future consequences of political resentment of the West in Africa.