以刑制罪:刑法教义学与刑事政策学相互贯通的路径选择

刑法教义学与刑事政策之间不仅是宏观的关系构造,还有微观的勾连论证,尤其是后者,在风险社会背景下具有更加重要的理论价值和实践意义。刑法刑事政策化是我国刑法教义学的发展方向,为了推动刑法教义学与刑事政策从相互隔离到相互融通,就需要在刑法理论上为政策要素进入刑事教义学构建合适路径。在消弭刑法教义学与刑事政策学李斯特鸿沟的过程中,以刑制罪司法逻辑具有特殊的价值和意义。     

亲属拒证权制度与亲属伦理结构关系研究

亲属拒证权制度因有助于维护良好的亲属伦理秩序而得到世界各国的普遍认可,这一制度与社会亲属伦理结构之间存在紧密联系。亲属拒证权制度是社会主流亲属伦理观在刑事证人制度中的体现;亲属拒证权制度的制度设计对社会伦理结构具有引导作用,二者之间是一种决定与引导的互动关系。应当根据我国当前亲属伦理结构现状完善亲属拒证权制度,亦应当利用亲属拒证权制度确立的契机引导良好亲属伦理结构的巩固与完善。     

Labor Economics Explanation of Offshore Outsourcing: An Analytical Perspective of Wage,Labor Efficiency and Labor structure

The outsourcing decision of enterprises depends on cost comparison and price game, while the implementation of a country’s offshore outsourcing is closely related to wage level, social labor efficiency and labor structure. These factors directly affect the job selection, outsourcing scale and the choice of providing countries in offshore outsourcing. The research result shows that transnational outsourcing is actually a kind of specialized division of labor resources among countries, which is essentially due to the obstacle of resources elements’ free flow among countries. It is the realistic optimal choice for a country to make up for the contradiction between supply and demand of labor in the short term. In addition, the nature of the job, the volume of business, the level of technology, and the design of the national political system will have an important impact on the implementation of offshore outsourcing.     

增设单位盗窃罪的立法思考

单位盗窃行为在现实生活中经常发生,严重危害社会秩序.针对司法实践中要么把单位盗窃行为不作犯罪处理,要么把单位盗窃作为自然人盗窃罪处理所存在的弊端,笔者建议,我国刑法应尽早增设单位盗窃罪.单位盗窃罪的主要特征是:构成单位盗窃罪的起点要高于自然人盗窃罪,单位盗窃罪的处罚应实行双罚制.     

Legitimacy and institutional purpose

ABSTRACT

Institutions undertake a huge variety of constitutive purposes. One of the roles of legitimacy is to protect and promote an institution’s pursuit of its purpose; state legitimacy is generally understood as the right to rule, for example. When considering legitimacy beyond the state, we have to take account of how differences in purposes change legitimacy. I focus in particular on how differences in purpose matter for the stringency of the standards that an institution must meet in order to be legitimate. An important characteristic of an institution’s purpose is its deontic status, i.e. whether it is morally impermissible, merely permissible, or mandatory. Although this matters, it does so in some non-obvious ways; the mere fact of a morally impermissible purpose is not necessarily delegitimating, for example. I also consider the problem of conflicting, multiple, and contested institutional purposes, and the different theoretical roles for institutional purpose. Understanding how differences in purpose matter for an institution’s legitimacy is one part of the broader project of theorizing institutional legitimacy in the many contexts beyond the traditional context of the state.     

国外数字政府研究二十年:热点聚类、演进脉络和发展趋势——基于Cite Space的可视化分析

本文以Web of Science核心文集库2001-2021年发表的353篇关于数字政府研究的文章为样本,运用Cite Space知识可视化软件,通过关键词共现图谱、关键词聚类图谱、演化路径知识图谱和关键词分析,总结了国外数字政府研究概况、国外数字政府研究热点聚类及其发展脉络。研究发现,从2001年起,国外数字政府经历了技术规制、智慧赋能和价值塑造三个阶段,包括十个重要研究聚类,可被分为知识促进、科技支撑、价值培养和合作体系四大主要研究内容。随着数字时代的新要求,数字科技革新和建设路径优化、公共数字伦理和数字素养提升、国家数字主权和公民数字保护预计将成为数字政府研究的热点问题。     

论纳税人诚实推定权的入法途径

诚实推定权由纳税人财产权与人格尊严权衍生而来,在立法中加以确认有助于落实税收法定、践行量能课税和提高纳税人遵从度。诚实推定权借鉴了刑法上的无罪推定和民法上的善意推定,其基本内涵是税务机关认为纳税人有少缴税款嫌疑时,应由该机关承担举证责任,证明强度应达到优势证据标准。我国应在修改《税收征收管理法》时,明确表达纳税人享有诚实推定权,同时准确界分纳税人的协力义务和税务机关的举证责任,强调逃税行为必须具备主观故意的要件,合理限定税收检查权。诚实推定权入法将对税收征纳实践产生影响,提高现有“计税依据明显偏低”的认定标准,使纳税人的正当理由诉求更有可能被认可,对逃税行为的界定也将更为精确。     

‘Our normal is different’: autistic adults’ experiences of the family courts

ABSTRACT

This article reports the findings of a small-scale qualitative study exploring the experiences of autistic adults who have had experience of the family justice system. While participants related some positive elements to their experiences, in particular with regard to the willingness of professionals to try to learn more about their clients’ needs, the overall picture showed significant concerns. The reports given showed significant misunderstandings about autism, and a system which struggled to make appropriate adjustments which would allow autistic court users to have access to justice on an equivalent basis to non-autistic litigants. This situation stands in contrast to the position regarding other disabilities in the Family Justice System, but also to the relatively greater level of provision for autistic people within the Criminal Justice System. Based on participants’ experiences and existing good practice in other areas, we make recommendations that could be adopted by the Family Court and practitioners.     

正确处理党的领导与依法独立办案的关系

坚持党的领导是贯穿习近平法治思想的一条主线。正确处理党的领导与依法独立办案的关系,既是贯彻落实习近平法治思想的重要内容,也是司法理论与实践必须回答的重大问题。中国共产党对司法工作的领导具有坚实的历史基础、法理基础和宪法依据。党的领导是依法独立办案的根本保障,坚持依法独立办案本身就是体现党的领导。正确把握党的领导与依法独立办案的关系,必须首先弄清楚党的领导是指党中央的集中统一领导,地方党委对司法工作的领导主要是管方向、管政策、管原则、管干部。各级司法机关党组织必须确保党的领导在司法机关内部得到贯彻落实,依规依法管人管事管案,发挥整体性的引领、管理、监督、保障作用,确保法律统一正确实施。     

新形势下公安院校毕业生 入警面临的问题及对策——对十八届四中全会精神的思考

作为法治工作最庞大的群体,公安队伍在推进依法治国进程中的使命与责任重大.入口源头问题是当前影响公安队伍专业素质和实战能力的重要因素,公安院校毕业生入警关系公安院校办学质量和前景,关乎公安工作的整体发展.畅通公安院校毕业生入警通道,务必要从政府高层和公安院校两个方面同时入手,切实做好"顶层设计"和"基层落实",统筹兼顾各方利益,促进公安队伍整体素质的全面提升,为全面推进依法治国做出贡献.