论近因原则在我国海上保险法中的应用及其与中国文化的兼容问题

近因原则对于我国海上保险法的应用具有重要意义。该原则在我国海上保险法中应用的艰巨性在于近因标准的因素复杂,包括被保风险和损害须实际发生;保险标的损失须为防止事态发展所致;须是引起损失发生的事件;新原因的判断须运用一般社会观念。除外条款不在近因之列。我国海上保险立法应增加近因原则及其适用的规定。     

刑事诉讼的物证鉴定制度新探

物证鉴定,就是指在诉讼活动中(此处主要是刑事诉讼的活动),遇到专门问题时,依照刑事诉讼法的规定委托具有专门知识的人,根据鉴定的资料和要求,运用勘验、分析、比较、综合评断等方法解决专门性问题并作出判断的一种科学技术活动。通过物证鉴定法律制度的完善,能发挥物证证明作用,促其成为科学的定罪处罚证据。     

生产-流通关系协调发展：理论与对策研究

在流通产业对现代生产发展的意义日益加大的同时,我国传统流通产业发展滞后于生产发展的问题也日益暴露。模块化时代的到来,生产、流通环节的专业化分工要求有更多的协作,分工的协调效率受到更多的关注。目前我国生产-流通关系不协调,原因主要在于流通产业发展滞后于生产需要,借助于产业链整合实现流通产业的规模化发展,提升专业化流通渠道的效率功能,是中国产业系统健康发展的有效途径。      

与犯罪形态有关的三个特别问题

由于分别直接关联着共同犯罪、罪数形态和犯罪的阶段形态,故＂片面共犯＂、罪数标准和＂意志以外的原因＂,构成了与犯罪形态有关的三个特别问题。基于事物的真相,＂片面共犯＂问题应按共同犯罪定性或处置,而罪数标准问题应以＂犯意与刑法特别规定结合说＂予以解答。至于＂意志以外的原因＂对犯罪阶段形态的影响,应立足于＂意志以外的原因＂作用于犯罪意志的程度及最终结果予以解答。     

Managing a large household. The gender division of work in orphanages in Dutch towns in the early modern period, 1580–1800

Early modern social institutions were modelled analogous to the family, and work within these institutions strongly depended upon the co-operation of women and men. This type of organization seems to be contradictory to processes of professionalization and bureaucratization. This article investigates to what extent professionalization and bureaucratization took place in early modern orphanages and how this influenced the gender division of work. By analyzing various occupations, remuneration and access to work in three Dutch orphanages it becomes clear that the frequently mentioned characteristics that made ‘typical’ women's work combinable with women's reproductive tasks, were not all applicable and cannot wholly explain female access to these occupations. Work was characterized by an increasing differentiation, hierarchy and, to a certain extent, bureaucratization tendencies. At the same time, the gender division sharpened. However, the late eighteenth century ideology of women as nurturers and the strong analogy to the role women were supposed to play within the household prevented exclusion from this domain.     

Introduction to special section on the biological standard of living

In December 2008 the WOG Historical Demography organised a workshop at Ghent University that covered a wide range of topics from fertility trends and kinship characteristics to health issues. The presentations and discussions that took place at the workshop provided the inspiration for this special section on the biological standard of living. The articles in this section offer valuable contributions for three of those biological measures: height, mortality and cause of death. The introduction to the section demonstrates the significance of this particular kind of evidence for our understanding of social and economic history. Exploring and analysing the well-being of populations is one of the most interesting and main challenges of social scientists. As the articles in this special section show, using historical evidence on the health and height of a population is extremely important for our understanding of certain socio-economic processes, but also extremely complex.     

行政行为分类的逻辑考量

行政行为分类是行政法学研究的重要内容,但对其研究却是极其薄弱。受法学研究路径的束缚,目前行政行为分类的现状极为混乱,所表现出来的症结为前提模糊、方式混乱、立场局限。从逻辑学的角度,以分类标准、分类规则、分类类型为参数对行政行为的分类现状进行梳理和探讨,有利于促进对行政行为研究的深化和扩展。行政行为的分类应当面向司法实践,使得理论研究与实践应用相统一。     

收集提取“物证”样本规范化研究——以物证鉴定样本为切入点

物证是证据种类之一,而物证鉴定样本是在物证鉴定过程中,为了实现物证的种属认定与同一认定而依法提取和保存的、供比对的已知证据材料。物证鉴定样本因鉴定而成为证据,是鉴定意见的重要组成部分。物证鉴定样本在诉讼中具有重要作用。当前,样本收集、提取存有许多不足,需采取行之有效的收集提取方法,以助于物证鉴定制度在内的整个证据制度的完善。     

衡量群众路线教育实践活动成效的标准

群众路线是党的生命线和根本工作路线,开展群众路线教育活动是十八大提出的一项重要任务。通过以为民、务实、清廉为主要内容,以集中解决形式主义、官僚主义、享乐主义和奢靡之风为主要任务,以群众认不认可、满不满意、高不高兴为评价标准,切实解决群众的实际问题,密切党同群众的血肉联系。活动对于改进党的工作作风,夯实党的执政基础,巩固党的执政地位,都具有十分重要的现实意义。     

我国上市公司融资偏好的经济伦理探析

我国上市公司偏好于股权融资,这会对公司经营业绩、治理机制以及社会经济事业产生负面影响。控股股东义利观的倒置会造成公司经营业绩的下滑及公司治理机制的恶化,管理机构义利观模糊状态下的监管失位则会导致资本市场的不健康发展及公众利益受损．原因就在于股权分置。流通股股东与非流通股股东价值理念的冲突是股权融资偏好形成并发展的内生因素,而政府习惯性干预市场的思维方式则是外生因素。只有切实提高上市公司股东及政府经济伦理意识并完善以职业经理人市场和监管制度为代表的制度安排,才能改变股权融资偏好状况。实现经济的可持续发展。