行政区划宪法条款的解读——从“省管县”体制的推行说起

宪法对行政区划体制的规定不可能十分详细,进一步的规定只能留给国家立法机关,国家立法机关在制定行政区划等相关法律时,应遵守一定的宪法原则,国家行政机关在进行行政区划改革时应有国家法律的授权。中国宪法有关行政区划的规定过于"硬性",在立宪技术上没有采取"法律保留",导致相关的宪法争议。     

刑事和解“反悔”行为的认定与处理——兼议刑事和解协议的审查标准

刑事和解在实施过程中存在着加害人与被害人达成协议后反悔的情况,此时如何发现当事人达成和解的真实意思表示,成为司法机关具体认定原有刑事和解协议效力及其履行行为的关键,由此延伸出司法机关审查刑事和解协议的一般标准,具体包括加害人与被害人对和解的后果是否"明知"、对事实的认知是否同一、加害人是否作有罪答辩并真诚悔过、协议的达成是否基于加害人与被害人的自愿、对被害人的经济赔偿是否体现加害人的悔罪意思、和解协议是否注意关注了被害人的精神需要等。     

Hair analysis for cocaine: factors in laboratory contamination studies and their relevance to proficiency sample preparation and hair testing practices

Since the introduction in 2001 of a urine-based detection method for recombinant erythropoietin (rHuEPO), transfusion-doping practices have regained interest. To address this problem, an efficient antidoping test designed to obtain direct proof of allogeneic blood transfusion was developed and validated. This test, based on flow cytometry analysis of red blood cell (RBCs) phenotypes, was used to determine the absence or the presence of numerous RBCs populations in a blood sample. A such, it may constitute a direct proof of an abnormal blood population resulting from homologous transfusion. Single-blind and single-site studies were carried out to validate this method as a forensic quality standard analysis and to allow objective interpretation of real cases. The analysis of 140 blood samples containing different percentages (0-5%) of a minor RBCs population were carried on by four independent analysts. Robustness, sensitivity, specificity, precision and stability were assessed. ISO-accredited controls samples were used to demonstrate that the method was robust, stable and precise. No false positive results were observed, resulting in a 100% specificity of the method. Most samples containing a 1.5% minor RBCs population were unambiguously detected, yielding a 78.1% sensitivity. These samples mimicked blood collected from an athlete 3 months after a homologous blood transfusion event where 10% of the total RBCs present in the recipient originated in the donor. The observed false negative results could be explained by differences in antigen expression between the donor and the recipient. False negatives were more numerous with smaller minor RBCs populations. The method described here fulfils the ISO-17025 accreditation and validation requirements. The controls and the methodology are solid enough to determine with certainty whether a sample contains one or more RBCs populations. This variable is currently the best indicator for homologous blood transfusion doping.     

Global dollar standard: challenges for Asian financial integration

Current international financial system is characterized by the global dollar standard where the US dollar plays an essential role in many aspects of international usages. This is particularly the case in Asia where the dollar remains as a major reserve, vehicle and anchor currency. The paper deals with the challenges of dollar over-reliance in the world in general and in Asia in particular, with emphasis on the fact that Asia being a creditor to the US has to cope with the problems and instability that the dollar standard brings about. Asia needs to have further regional financial integration and to strengthen regional financial cooperation supported by a strong institutional arrangement, a sound regional financial market and a collective regional monetary regime.

公司法规范的属性与结构

公司法规范的属性和结构问题,是公司法学重要的基本理论问题之一。公司作为多种利 益关系的集合体,决定了公司法规范具有综合性。我国《公司法》规范的形式结构既不同于大陆法 系,也不同于英关法系;其内涵结构可概括为“三个阶段规范”和“两大系统规范”。     

对技防办与经济文化保卫部门职权划分的思考

安全技术防范工作是公安机关实施科技强警战略的重要内容之一 ,它关系到打、防、控一体化防范体系的形成。但是 ,在安全技术防范服务监管理工作中 ,一直存在内部职能划分不明确 ,缺乏法律强制性规定 ,导致安全防范工程系统验收质量不高 ,验收标准不一 ,验收结论缺乏权威性等一系列问题。以法律条文将技防与经文保部门的职责权限固定下来 ,理顺管理关系 ,将有助于安全防范工作的进行。     

民事诉讼审级制度的新思考

在我国民事诉讼实践中 ,两审终审的审级制度有蜕化为“一审终审”的危险 ,加上其他一些弊端 ,两审终审制度渐呈难以为继的趋势。在构建我国三审终审制过程中 ,不必拘泥于三审上诉为“法律审”的限制 ,而应当考虑审级制度与再审程序的互相协调、作用互补。同时 ,要对现行各级法院的职能作出调整和分工 ,从组织机构上保障三审终审制度真正得到实施。     

劳权本位:劳动法律体系构建的基点和核心--兼论劳动法律体系的几个基本理论问题

劳动法律体系的建构,应以劳权本位作为理论出发点,应以劳权的实现和保障为其基点和核心.本文所提出的劳权概念,是指法律所规定或认可的劳动者在履行劳动义务的同时所应享有的与劳动有关的权益.劳权即劳工权益应是劳动法律的基本范畴和劳动立法起始概念.本文提出和论证了劳动者的概念和法律特征,认为市场经济下的劳动关系中的劳动者应为受雇于他人的以工资收入为基本生活来源的直接生产者.本文还提出了劳权关系的概念,认为劳权关系是劳动法律关系的本质体现,这一关系是相对于产权关系和经营权关系而言的,现代企业制度的经济权利结构是由产权、经营权和劳权的三权关系所构成的.     

关于完善我国刑事证明标准体系的若干思考

我国刑事诉讼法关于证明标准的规定仍欠完善 ,传统的证明标准理论也存在诸多不足。论文从诉讼规律出发 ,结合各国相关的法律规定 ,探讨了我国刑事证明标准体系的完善问题。作者否定了“客观真实”说 ,对“诉讼真实”、“法律真实”说进行了论证。对有罪判决的证明标准 ,作者提出了两条思路 ,一是沿袭“犯罪事实清楚、证据确实充分”的既有表述 ,二是改采“排除合理怀疑”的全新表述。论文还对其他刑事证明标准的再造进行了研讨。     

利用射击弹壳痕迹区分小口径枪支种类的探讨

介绍了小口径枪支的种类、性能特点,探讨通过射击弹壳痕迹区分制式、非制式枪的方法,重点分析了匕首枪、单管枪、双管枪、转轮枪等枪种的区分依据,研究了小口径枪弹壳痕迹在检验鉴定中的稳定性和变化规律.