论法律硕士教育与职业资格考试衔接机制

当前我国法律硕士专业学位研究生教育难以满足法律职业发展需要。一方面,法律硕士专业学位研究生教育自身发展过程中存在弊端;另一方面,与法律职业资格考试制度缺少相互对接的制度设计。如何充分发挥法律职业资格考试制度的纽带作用,建立培育和选送优秀法律人才有效新路径,是当前亟需解决的现实问题。应根据我国法律硕士培养现状,对司法考试制度进行积极改革,在借鉴国外相关制度的基础上,构建具有中国特色的法律硕士专业学位研究生培养模式,并建立法律硕士研究生培养体制与法律职业资格考试制度相互衔接的高效机制。     

GC Analysis of Black Gel Pen Ink Stored under Different Conditions

In many criminal and civil cases in China, the most commonly questioned documents are those written with gel pen ink. An important task for forensic document examiners is to identify whether two or more ink entries in one or more documents were written with the same ink type. The identification of the age of gel ink entries made poses an important and difficult problem for forensic document examiners. In this paper, the volatile components of gel ink were determined and the gel ink was classified by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. Calibration curves were created to express the relationship between the content of volatile gel ink components and the age of gel ink entries stored under natural and UV‐induced aging conditions. The correspondence between the natural and UV‐induced aging conditions was also established. The experimental results showed that GC was useful in the analysis of black gel ink and applicable for determining the relative age of gel ink entries under certain conditions.     

数字录音真实性司法鉴定研究现状

随着数字录音设备的普及,以及音频编辑技术的大众化趋势,传统的检验方法和技术在当前数字录音真实性司法鉴定实践中面临着极大的挑战。模式识别和人工智能等领域的最新进展为数字录音真实性鉴定提供了有效的检验角度。通过分析和总结当前机器学习和模式识别等研究领域在数字录音真实性研究方面的前沿探索性成果,结合对当前录音真实性司法鉴定实践应用中的关键技术和方法的论述,分析和探讨数字录音真实性司法鉴定领域研究所面临的问题、挑战及未来发展趋势。指出专家经验判断分析技术和统计量化检验方法的协作并存是数字录音真实性鉴定的必然趋势和高效解决方案。     

TOF‐SIMS Analysis of Red Color Inks of Writing and Printing Tools on Questioned Documents

Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS) is a well‐established surface technique that provides both elemental and molecular information from several monolayers of a sample surface while also allowing depth profiling or image mapping to be performed. Static TOF‐SIMS with improved performances has expanded the application of TOF‐SIMS to the study of a variety of organic, polymeric, biological, archaeological, and forensic materials. In forensic investigation, the use of a minimal sample for the analysis is preferable. Although the TOF‐SIMS technique is destructive, the probing beams have microsized diameters so that only small portion of the questioned sample is necessary for the analysis, leaving the rest available for other analyses. In this study, TOF‐SIMS and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) were applied to the analysis of several different pen inks, red sealing inks, and printed patterns on paper. The overlapping areas of ballpoint pen writing, red seal stamping, and laser printing in a document were investigated to identify the sequence of recording. The sequence relations for various cases were determined from the TOF‐SIMS mapping image and the depth profile. TOF‐SIMS images were also used to investigate numbers or characters altered with two different red pens. TOF‐SIMS was successfully used to determine the sequence of intersecting lines and the forged numbers on the paper.     

Petechial Hemorrhages and Ethanol in Deaths from Intoxication

Petechiae in conjunctivae and in the palpebrae/skin of the eyelids are of particular interest for the forensic pathologist, because of their association with pressure on the neck. They have been described in the eyelids of intoxicated persons both in case reports and in text books of forensic pathology. We studied 590 deaths caused by intoxication, and 75 had petechiae either in the conjunctivae, the eyelids, or in both locations. We examined the influence of drugs and ethanol on the location of the petechial hemorrhages in these deaths. Deaths with ethanol in blood and in urine/vitreous humor more often had petechiae in both locations than those without. This association was statistically significant, independent of body position and livor mortis. No association between the location of petechiae, medicinal drugs, or narcotics was found. These results suggest that ethanol may contribute to the development of petechial hemorrhages in deaths from intoxication.     

夯实基础 从容应试——刍议五年制司法警官高职学生公务员考试辅导问题

日前,江苏省公布了2008年的考试录用公务员的公告。今年的公务员录用考试具有职位数大幅缩减和对学历要求更高等特点。这预示着高职学生在参加公务员录用考试时将不得不面对与本科生和普通专科生之间的激烈竞争。为此,许多高职院校加强了对学生公务员录用考试的辅导。在辅导过程中,存在着学生的文化基础与能力有待强化;辅导的内外交流有待增强;辅导的信息反馈和激励机制有待加强等方面的问题。当前必须针对这些问题采取相应的对策措施,才能不断提高辅导质量,确保最后考试的通过率。     

关于我国公务员“录考培”问题的思考——以重庆市推行的“政府立法回避制”为例

重庆市政府推行“政府立法回避制”,是为了避免政府部门利用立法这一特权将部门的利益“法制化”,但这一制度架空了《立法法》授权政府立法的本意,使政府立法从根本上失去了正当性,沦于“为立法而立法”的窘境。立法是一种“公共产品”,它应该具备广泛的民主性和公益代表性,通过“开门立法”,广泛吸纳民意,使不同利益群体的利益诉求得以充分表达,是现代民主政治原理的体现。     

未获支付的卖方对海运货物的留置权

本文分析了记名提单的法律性质 ,指出记名提单也是物权凭证 ,承运人必须凭单放货 ,否则将侵害未获支付的卖方对海运货物的留置权。     

比较法视野下证人资格审查的程序构建

证人的事实能力与法律能力是证人能力在不同语境下的不同表现形式,两者之间的错位也决定了证人资格实体规则与程序规则并存的必要性。证人在大陆法系中被视为“法官的助手”,具有相对的中立性,法官对证人资格的审查奉行职权主义;证人在英美法系中被视为“当事人的助手”,具有一定的党派性,法官对证人资格的审查奉行当事人主义。我国证人资格制度存在严重的程序缺失,导致公权力运行的失范和私权利缺乏有效救济,应在刑事诉讼程序中设置证人资格的预先审查程序与开庭审查程序。     

浦东新区行政审批制度改革的现状与路径分析

经过四轮行政审批制度改革,浦东新区改革在审批事项的清理和审批方式的变革等方面取得了显著成效,但在行政体制、审批机制、审批效能和政府职能转变等方面仍存在一些困难和问题。为此,要以推进浦东综合配套改革试点为契机,进一步深化行政审批制度改革,努力建设公共服务型政府。