Petechial Hemorrhages and Ethanol in Deaths from Intoxication

Petechiae in conjunctivae and in the palpebrae/skin of the eyelids are of particular interest for the forensic pathologist, because of their association with pressure on the neck. They have been described in the eyelids of intoxicated persons both in case reports and in text books of forensic pathology. We studied 590 deaths caused by intoxication, and 75 had petechiae either in the conjunctivae, the eyelids, or in both locations. We examined the influence of drugs and ethanol on the location of the petechial hemorrhages in these deaths. Deaths with ethanol in blood and in urine/vitreous humor more often had petechiae in both locations than those without. This association was statistically significant, independent of body position and livor mortis. No association between the location of petechiae, medicinal drugs, or narcotics was found. These results suggest that ethanol may contribute to the development of petechial hemorrhages in deaths from intoxication.     

欧洲人权法院对质询问规则的转变及启示-以“卡瓦贾诉英国案”为主线的考察

由《欧洲人权公约》第6条第3款d项之规定所形成的对质询问规则,在欧洲人权法院审理“卡瓦贾诉英国”一案之后发生了根本性的变化,即从“唯一或决定性规则”转变为了以“三步审查规则”为内容的“卡瓦贾检验标准”。导致这一变化的原因,不仅源于英国法的影响,也有欧洲人权法院对公正标准的调校以及应对案件激增的考虑。而以该案为主线的考察对我国无疑也有着积极的借鉴意义。     

延边地区牛瑟氏泰勒虫病的分子流行病学调查

为了解吉林省延边地区牛瑟氏泰勒虫病的流行情况,分别采用血涂片染色镜检法和PCR方法对采自延边地区的206份牛血液样本进行了牛瑟氏泰勒虫病的分子流行病学调查。结果显示,PCR检测的阳性率为62.6%,显著高于血涂片染色镜检法检测的阳性率(17.5%)。采用统计学分析方法对PCR检测的206份血液样本进行了不同地区、不同年龄、不同品种及饲养方式的比较;结果,不同地区之间和不同品种之间瑟氏泰勒虫感染率差异不显著(P>0.05);而不同年龄阶段之间和不同饲养方式之间牛瑟氏泰勒虫感染率差异显著(P<0.05)。结果表明,吉林省延边地区是牛瑟氏泰勒虫病的流行地区。     

Enhancing the Visibility of Injuries with Narrow‐Banded Beams of Light within the Visible Light Spectrum

The use of narrow‐banded visible light sources in improving the visibility of injuries has been hardly investigated, and studies examining the extent of this improvement are lacking. In this study, narrow‐banded beams of light within the visible light spectrum were used to explore their ability in improving the visibility of external injuries. The beams of light were induced by four crime‐lites^® providing narrow‐banded beams of light between 400 and 550 nm. The visibility of the injuries was assessed through specific long‐pass filters supplied with the set of crime‐lites^®. Forty‐three percent of the examined injuries improved in visibility by using the narrow‐banded visible light. In addition, injuries were visualized that were not visible or just barely visible to the naked eye. The improvements in visibility were particularly marked with the use of crime‐lites^® “violet” and “blue” covering the spectrum between 400–430 and 430–470 nm. The simple noninvasive method showed a great potential contribution in injury examination.     

The Spatial Distribution of Postblast RDX Residue: Forensic Implications

Locating exactly where trace explosive residue samples should be sought during sample collection at bomb scenes is not specified in the published literature or guidelines; in this area, it is generally acknowledged that forensic practices are based on tradition rather than evidence. This study investigated patterns in the spatial distribution of postblast 1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazocyclohexane residue from a series of unconfined detonations, over a range of sampling sites, and at two different detonation heights. The amount of residue recovered from the sites decreased as a function of distance from the center of the explosion. [Correction added after online publication 27 December 2012: In the preceding sentence, “increased” was corrected to “decreased” to agree with the conclusion of the article.] As the height of the detonations increased, more residues were found from all sampling sites. The findings of this empirical study have a number of important practical implications including determining where residue samples are best sought at crime scenes.     

从知识产权侵害案件看Microsoft PowerPoint演示文稿鉴定实践

Microsoft PowerPoint演示文稿是电子数据鉴定实践中比较常见的文件类型.从一起真实的知识产权侵害案件为背景,基于Microsoft复合文档结构和Microsoft PowerPoint记录格式的分析,说明追溯演示文稿残余编辑信息的步骤与方法.     

系统检验方法在可疑文件鉴定中运用

通过对近年来成功解决的几起可疑文件鉴定的典型案例分析,较详细地阐述在文件鉴定实践中,如何运用系统检验的思想,通过可疑文件上留下的细微变造痕迹,巧妙识别可疑文件的伪造手段和方法,为法庭提供科学、可信的证据,取信于法官、律师及当事人,使得案件最终圆满审结.在面对某些疑难案件的鉴定中,在鉴定思路和方法上对文件检验人员,有一定的启示作用.     

书写能力的结构

目的提出人的书写能力由基础因子构成的假说。方法根据因子说,不同字的笔顺可能相关。以反犬旁、山字为目标字,收集799份有效实验样本,分性别检验实验样本中2个目标字的笔顺是否相关。结果统计检验表明反犬旁笔顺与山字笔顺相关（p〈0.01）,用一个笔顺在另一个笔顺出现的条件下的出现率与它的出现率之比测定它们相关性的大小,最高的比值为3.65。结论证实了人的书写能力由基础因子构成的假说,这个假说可以作为笔迹比较的理论基础。     

对嗑噬文件与仿嗑噬文件的鉴别

仿造嗑噬文件是将现时的文件伪造成历史文件的方法之一。文章通过对嗑噬文件样本的研究，从嗑噬孔、纸张及文字笔画色料等方面总结了嗑噬文件的特征。通过手撕、刀刻、火烧、针扎、剪切等方法形成与真实嗑噬文件相仿的孔洞，利用光照和加热方式对有仿嗑噬孔的文件进行老化，并归纳、总结了仿嗑噬文件的特征。在此基础上，将嗑噬文件和仿嗑噬文件的特征进行了深入细致的比较。最后，提出了可疑嗑噬文件的鉴别要点。     

激光传真文书检验初探

利用传真文书进行犯罪以及由传真件引发的经济纠纷逐年上升。目前文书检验领域对新型激光记录传真文书的研究涉及较少，有必要通过对激光传真机的工作原理、记录方式、传真件及其传真文字特点的研究来说明现阶段激光传真文书的检验。