不同型牛血清对家兔原核胚序贯培养体外发育的影响

采用不同型血清分别添加到TCM199和mTCM199培养液、RPMI1640和mRPMI1640培养液中,对兔原核期受精卵进行了体外序贯培养,并对各组间不同时期发育率进行了分析比较。结果显示:体外培养至第72 h时,3个体外序贯培养体系间8-细胞胚率、桑椹胚率差异不显著(P>0.05),当体外培养至囊胚时,100 mL/L NBS TCM199(mTCM199)培养体系、100 mL/L NBS RPMI1640(mRPMI1640)培养体系的囊胚率均显著低于100 mL/L FBS RPMI1640(mRPMI1640)培养体系的囊胚率(三组的囊胚率依次是27.3%、35.9%、97.2%,P<0.01)。但前两组之间差异不显著。结果表明,不同型血清对兔早期胚胎体外正常发育具有很大影响,序贯培养中添加国产NBS的培养液的培养效果明显低于添加进口FBS的培养液的培养效果。     

Unionization and Restrictions on Foreign Direct Investment

Although inward foreign direct investment (FDI) has many benefits for a country as a whole, like trade, it is a source of competition for producers in the host country, with concomitant effects on labor markets. The entrance of foreign multinationals increases demand for skilled labor at the expense of unskilled labor, and also increases the elasticity of demand for labor because multinationals are able to shift production across borders. This raises the question of whether or not labor has an impact on policy toward inward FDI. I suggest that organized labor is a key determinant of the influence of labor on inward FDI restrictions. Not only do unions mitigate the collective action problem facing labor, but unionized workers, regardless of skill level, have incentives to support restrictions on inward FDI because rising elasticity of demand restricts bargaining power. I expect that higher levels of unionization will lead to greater restrictions on inward FDI. I find support for this hypothesis in an analysis of U.S. industry-level formal restrictions on inward FDI between 1981 and 2000. Industry skill intensity, a proxy for the distributional consequences of FDI for labor, does not explain variation in barriers to inward FDI, suggesting that the confluence of interests and influence is necessary for labor to influence policy.     

Toll样受体及其在雌性家畜生殖中的作用

概述了Toll样受体(TLRs)家族的分子结构、识别的配体以及在免疫应答中起的作用。重点介绍了不同家畜中存在的TLRs及其在雌性家畜排卵、受精、妊娠和分娩各生殖过程中的作用,旨在为研制治疗雌性家畜TLR相关疾病的药物提供参考。     

Not domestic violence or cultural tradition: is honour-based violence distinct from domestic violence?

This paper addresses an important conceptual question surrounding the categorisation of honour-based violence (hereafter ‘HBV’) – Is HBV a subspecies of domestic violence (hereafter ‘DV’)? According to academic commentators such as Reddy, Aujla and Gill, HBV falls within the broad spectrum of DV. Utilising data extracted from interviews conducted with 30 key agents, this paper will seek to provide incontrovertible evidence that HBV is different to DV because the characteristics it presents offer some differences. Furthermore, the overall strategies used to investigate HBV by UK law enforcement agencies differ to that of DV. Being this specific about HBV does not necessarily mean that one succumbs to cultural-essentialist assumptions about the prevalence of such violence in particular communities either. Rather, an understanding that HBV can be different will help identify the serious dangers it presents and the strategies needed to support victims.     

对当前影响社会稳定的国际国内形势的分析

我们认为当前的国际环境是:总体和平、局部战争;总体缓和、局部紧张;总体稳定、局部动荡。和平、发展、合作依然是时代的主潮流。科学认识和准确把握当前的国际国内形势,是做好维护社会稳定工作的重要前提。     

Sexual victimization against transgender women in prison: Consent and coercion in context

In this article, we conjoin two long‐standing lines of inquiry in criminology—the study of prison life and the study of sexual assault—by using original qualitative and quantitative data from 315 transgender women incarcerated in 27 California men's prisons. In so doing, we advance an analysis of the factors and processes that shape their experience of sexual victimization in prison. The results of qualitative analysis of 198 reported incidents of sexual victimization exhibit a range of types of sexual victimization experienced by transgender women in prison and reveal the centrality of relationships to their experiences of victimization. Findings from logistic regression models buttress the qualitative results, highlighting a factor that consistently and powerfully indicates vulnerability to sexual victimization is involvement in consensual sexual relationships with male prisoners. Together, the data demonstrate the prominence of intimate partner violence in prison, complicate the distinction between consent and unwanted sexual experiences in the lives of transgender women in prisons for men, and shine a light on the workings of gender in a total institution that privileges heteronormativity at the expense of the safety of transgender women in prisons for men. We discuss the implications of our findings in light of timely policy concerns.     

A voice or a choice? Children’s views on participating in decisions about post-separation contact with domestically abusive fathers

ABSTRACT

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child explicitly calls for children to be granted the right to participate in legal proceedings that affect them. Despite this legal obligation and an evolving consensus that recognises children as social and competent actors, this rhetoric has struggled to achieve translation into meaningful practice reality, particularly when decisions are being made about contact arrangements for children where there has been a prior history of domestic violence. Drawing on the narratives of children who participated in three separate research projects in Ireland between 2009 and 2015, this paper will consider the manner in which they were involved in the decision-making process and the extent to which their views were ascertained and their voices heard. This paper concludes by raising the key question of how the child’s best interests can be served if the child’s views are not sought, heard or considered.     

Culture in transition: Awareness and appropriate response to domestic violence among Hmong American college students

This explanatory study examined Hmong college students’ experience, awareness, and appropriate response to domestic violence in the Hmong community, using a survey (n?=?231) at one of the largest Hmong-serving institutions in the United States. Findings indicated that 32.8% of Hmong college women had some violence from their romantic partners and two thirds of Hmong college men and women were aware of violence in the Hmong community. Those young generation Hmong reported that the most appropriate method to solve conflicts within the Hmong community is through the traditional clan system. These results can be used to begin formulating research-based cultural competence education for providers in the criminal justice system and facilitate discussions on youth perceptions.     

关于法学实践性教学的课堂内探索--以亲属法学为例

现行法学教育的教学方法在很大程度上存在着简单化、与实践脱节及教学手段单一的问题 ,以至学生学习机械、被动 ,严重影响学习兴趣 ,教学效果也不甚理想。作者尝试着将实践性教学方法引进亲属法学的课堂内 ,强调学生在学习中的主动性和互动性 ,鼓励讨论、质疑、带着问题学习的学习方式 ,启发学生思考问题的能力 ,培养和训练学生实际解决问题的能力 ,从而掌握本学科的基本理论和专业知识 ,具备运用所学知识认识和处理相关问题的技能。