Crime Trends in the EU

The paper’s aim is to show to EU policy makers, academics, journalists and the general public what the available information tells us about crime levels, trends in crime and public opinion about crime among Member States. The paper centres on an analysis of current trends on crime levels and trends based on the data available both from victimisation surveys and police statistics. The victimisation survey source is the published data collected in the International Crime Victimisation Survey. A separate analysis based on the Eurobarometer was also carried out. Data on police statistics present two separate sources i.e. the Council of Europe Sourcebook and the crime data published annually by the UK Home Office. These two sources both add considerable value to the raw police statistics by their choice of data, their commentary and their technical explanations and definitions. The paper compares data on three crime types (robbery, domestic burglary and theft of a motor vehicle) across the 15 Member States of the European Union (as in 2003). These three types were selected in line with the priorities of the EU Commission and as types of crime that are a major concern for EU-citizens. The paper has been modified from a report produced by the European Crime prevention network for the EU Directorate of Justice and Home Affairs with the permission of the EU. The members of the network are listed in the appendix.     

青海省祁连县家畜口腔黏膜溃烂病的调查

对青海省祁连县某村羊、牛、马发生的病因不明的“口腔黏膜溃烂病”进行了调查。自2 0 0 4年 1月至 4月末 ,该村绵羊发病 2 3730只 ,发病率为 5 2 .7% ,死亡 36 4只 ,病死率 1.5 3% ;牦牛发病 14 4 6头 ,发病率为 2 7.8% ,死亡 6 5头 ,病死率为 4 .5 % ;马发病 12 4匹 ,发病率为 2 8.9% ,死亡 3匹 ,病死率为 2 .4 %。当年羔羊的发病率低 ,成年家畜的发病率高。 5月份草地返青 ,家畜吃上青草后 ,发病明显减少并逐渐停止。从所采集的羊病料中没有分离到致病性微生物。认为该病的发生可能与草场草原毛虫大量繁殖有关。     

浅析中外合作办学的积极意义

中外合作办学的迅速发展,对于引进国外优质教育资源,加快中国教育改革和发展的步伐,促进中国教育国际交流与合作,增加中国教育供给的多样化和选择性等起了巨大的推进作用。实践证明,中外合作办学在创新教育模式,深化教育教学改革,促进学科建设,提高师资素质和拓宽人才培养途径等方面,日益显示其独特的优势和作用。     

Worker Democracy and Worker Productivity

A major source of oppression in industrial and post-industrial society is the restrictive and highly authoritarian nature of the workplace. One response is to democratize the workplace by increasing the participation of workers in making decisions and in choosing and evaluating managers as well as sharing in the ownership of the firm. These are not new ideas, and there are many examples of organizations pursuing various forms of democratic practices. However, a major objection is that such participation would compromise economic and other types of organizational productivity. This article examines the empirical support for that argument over a wide range of types of organizations in which workers participate in important decisions affecting their welfare. The overall results of this survey across many different forms of work organization suggest that the evidence supports the opposite conclusion, that worker participation increases productivity, particularly when workers share the benefits of higher productivity. The challenge is to ascertain ways of spreading these practices more widely.     

A Comparison of Men and Women Arrested for Domestic Violence: Who Presents the Greater Threat?

Recent increases in the number of women arrested for domestic violence raise important questions about implementation of proarrest policies, equivalency of intimate partner aggression across genders, and management of female domestic violence offenders. This study compares demographic characteristics, criminal history variables, and the past domestic violence history of men (n = 5,578) and women (n = 1,126) arrested for domestic assault against a heterosexual intimate partner. Using victim reported information and data collected by local criminal justice agencies, we found that female arrestees were significantly less likely than males to have histories that warrant concern regarding the potential for future violence. Implications of these findings are discussed.     

甘肃省产业工人阶层生活感受问卷调查

改革开放以来,甘肃省城乡经济稳步发展,城乡居民生活水平有了明显提高。2005年,甘肃省人均生产总值7341元,这个数字低于全国平均水平,但是,它也显示甘肃同全国一样进入了一个新的发展时期,即经济的快速发展与社会矛盾的凸显并存的时期。通过对问卷调查结果的分析研究,客观真实地了解和认识当前产业工人的生活感受,这对各级政府和社会各界了解民意、体察民情,探寻某些社会问题的解决途径,实现改革、发展、稳定的目标,构建和谐社会都有着十分重要的意义。     

注重职工技能素质的培养和提高

李斌立足本职岗位,不断学习和运用最新数控加工和编程技术,从一名普通工人成长为技术专家,是新时期我国技术工人的楷模.然而,目前我国劳动力市场高级技工匮乏的现象十分严重,培养和提高职工技能素质的任务迫在眉睫.     

STRICTLY LIABLE: GOVERNMENTAL USE OF THE PARENT–CHILD RELATIONSHIP AS A BASIS FOR HOLDING VICTIMS LIABLE FOR THEIR CHILD'S WITNESS TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

Studies estimate that between three and ten million children in the United States witness domestic violence annually. Although studies have demonstrated a co‐occurrence of domestic violence and child abuse, there is no concrete evidence to support the assumption that a child's exposure to domestic violence increases the risk to the child of abuse or neglect. Recently the New York State Court of Appeals determined that a child's witness to abuse does not suffice, in and of itself, to show that removal of the child is necessary or that removal is in the “best interests” of the child. Programs which have developed alternatives to presumptive removal understand the importance of viewing the interests of the battered parent and children as being in accord with each other rather than in opposition. Private and government sponsored programs have demonstrated some success in protecting the parent‐child relationship, ensuring the safety of both parent and child, and increasing accountability of batterers while reducing the necessity for removals. Alternative programs are less costly to the state than foster care, and emotionally less costly to the families.     

The Dissemination of Detainees Awaiting Trial Before International and Internationalized Criminal Tribunals

This paper will focus on the rights attributed to detainees who are facing charges before international and internationalized criminal courts. The question is whether their position merits a different approach compared to the position of detainees who are confronted with domestic criminal trials. In particular, this paper will address the question whether, and to what extent, international human rights have a direct effect on the position of the former detainees. Attention will focus on case law of the European Court of Human Rights vis-a-vis the rights of detainees and the impact thereof on the position of detainees who are held in custody on behalf of international and internationalized criminal courts. The author is Professor of International Criminal Law at Utrecht University (The Netherlands), defence counsel acting before the ICTY, ICTR and SCSL, and a partner of the law firm Knoops & Partners Advocaten in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.     

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE,DOVE, AND DIVORCE MEDIATION

The primary objective of this article is to describe DOVE, a 19‐item instrument designed to assess and manage the risk of domestic violence between partners during and following their participation in divorce mediation. Assessing risk, more specifically how DOVE can be used to assess risk, is described first. The resulting risk scores (TOTDOVE) are used to assign individuals to risk categories. Problems associated with using categorical, frequency, and probability risk assessment formats in interpreting and communicating risk are discussed in the second segment of the article. A dual, categorical/probability format is advocated. Managing risk using Safety Plan interventions that are linked with risk category and predictor subscores on control, substance abuse, anger, relationship problems, mental health problems, and conflict is covered in the final segment.