Peace-building Through Space-making: The Spatializing Effects of the African Union’s Peace and Security Policies

ABSTRACT

This article is discussing how the peace-building practices of the African Union have distinct ordering and space-making effects. Taking a socio-spatial perspective, it is argued that the peace and security projects through which the African Union, as a spatial entrepreneur, is addressing the scourge of ‘terrorism and violent extremism’ are geared towards (re-)establishing sovereignty that member states have lost in the past over their territories. While the African Union is favouring a spatial format that could be called ‘multiple networked regionalism’, the actual socio-spatial orders that are emerging around Africa’s transregional conflicts are far less clear cut.     

人民法院改革取向的审视与思考

20世纪90年代以来的人民法院改革,总体上潜含着对标形式主义法治司法模式的取向,其目标可概括为“让司法更像司法”。这种由内向视角导引的改革,对塑造我国司法的基础形态、完善司法的基本要件具有积极意义,但也在一定程度上造成了司法与社会需求的疏离,使司法改革的红利难以充分转化为社会的实际获得。在还原主义立场下回溯司法的基源性理论,司法是一种制度建构的产物、一种公共产品,司法应当尊重“消费者体验”。着眼于外向视角,提升司法能力亦应成为法院改革的取向之一。在今后继续深化推进司法责任制改革的过程中,应以影响司法能力的基本要素作为改革的着眼点,通过司法能力的提升实现司法的社会功能,满足和实现社会对司法的需求,以“让司法更能司法”。     

大国战略竞争与美国对华技术政策变迁

世界政治领导国的对外技术政策很大程度上源于应对大国战略竞争的需要。当美国面临直接、迫切的大国战略竞争压力时,更愿意通过放宽技术进口和出口限制来争取合作者、应对竞争者,即"利用强者打败更强者"。自20世纪70年代以来,美国对华技术政策经历了从逐步放松再到加强限制这一过程。苏联的安全竞争压力迫使美国在加强对苏技术出口限制的同时,放宽对华技术出口限制。日本的经济竞争压力促使美国在加强对日技术进口限制的同时,放宽对华技术进口限制。应对直接、迫切的大国战略竞争压力,会促使世界政治的领导国更重视当期利益,同时也为潜在竞争者的成长提供机会。而当苏联和日本对美国构成的大国战略竞争压力逐渐褪去时,美国对华技术政策再度面临调整压力,以致于今为甚,通过发起对华贸易战,打压中国高新技术产业,全面收紧了对华高技术进出口限制。美国的技术竞争将是今后很长时间中国技术进步难以绕过的阻碍。     

基层公务员创新何以提升“放管服”改革成效?——基于组织学视角的逻辑解释

"放管服"改革是全面深化改革的重要内容,而基层公务员是打通"放管服"改革落地"最后一公里"的关键。探索如何将基层公务员创新行为转化为卓越的"放管服"改革成效具有重要现实意义。本研究基于行为公共管理视角,探索基层公务员创新行为对"放管服"改革成效的积极效果,通过对158家单位、793个有效配对样本的跨层次分析,结果表明,基层公务员创新行为对"放管服"改革任务绩效、政务服务满意度有显著的促进作用。其中,改革目标清晰度、服务群众导向会促进基层公务员创新行为对"放管服"改革任务绩效、政务服务满意度的积极影响。     

Interlocal Agreements and Multilateral Institutions: Mitigating Coordination Problems of Self-Organized Collective Action

ABSTRACT

In the United States, competition among cities for economic development tends to be the norm. Cities are also collaborating more to improve their economic advantage. However, transaction costs inhibit various of interlocal agreements from being formed. This study examines the role of multilateral institutions in facilitating interlocal agreements for economic development. An analysis of survey data collected from city governments in eleven US metropolitan areas highlights the importance of regional institutions in moderating the effect of coordination problems on the formation of developmental joint venture agreements. The findings complement extant research on the governance mechanisms that mitigate transaction costs of collective action.     

河南省经济结构现状及优化升级问题研究

近年来,随着国家经济结构调整的不断深入,河南省迎来了全面发展的新时期。河南省经济结构在不断优化的同时,结构性矛盾仍然比较突出,主要表现在内需动力不足,产业结构层次低,支柱、重点行业不明显,城乡居民收入差距较大,三大产业就业结构不合理等方面。针对以上问题,结合河南省经济结构的实际状况,其经济结构战略性调整应发挥政府职能,合理分配资源;深入实施乡村振兴战略;加快新型城镇化进程;推进产业结构优化升级。只有这样,河南省经济结构优化升级问题才能真正得到根本改善。     

Beveridge at Eighty: Learning the Right Lessons

The eightieth anniversary of the Beveridge inquiry is a timely moment to consider how the landmark report is used within contemporary UK politics. Calls for a ‘new Beveridge’ reflect a desire for a rupture with the past and the creation of a radical new welfare consensus. But this reflects a misunderstanding: Beveridge's approach was organic in nature, building on decades of experimentation, politically contested rather than consensual, and intellectually pluralist rather than moored to a single ideological worldview. The real insight Beveridge offers us today flows not from his substantive agenda—which was rooted in a particular set of historic circumstances—but as an approach to securing social reform. Successful welfare advances over the last generation have drawn on these ‘Beveridgean instincts’. Rather than calling for a new twenty-first century blueprint to be handed down from above, reformers should build on experimentation and successful incremental change, from within the UK and abroad.     

丝绸之路经济带建设中金融支持与保障研究

丝绸之路经济带建设坚持“政策沟通、道路联通、贸易畅通、货币流通、民心相通”的五通原则中,货币流通是基础和先导。开展金融合作不仅是经贸合作的基础,而且也是顺应金融市场全球化和金融监管国际化的内在要求。从微观、中观和宏观三个角度阐述金融在丝绸之路经济带建设中的支持作用,分析丝绸之路经济带建设中的金融支持面临的各种挑战,建议从开发性金融为先导引领区域金融支持;拓展人民币结算和扩大互换规模,推进区域性金融支持;推进国内金融机构的国际化水平;发展互联网金融,创新金融支持模式;建立丝路区域性国际金融中心;加强国际金融治理以及金融监管协调合作。     

信贷歧视、产能过剩与中国经济波动：基于金融冲击的视角

通过建立民营企业与国有企业间存在信贷歧视的动态随机一般均衡模型，考察金融冲击的宏观经济效应。研究结果表明，尽管积极性金融冲击有助于实现宏观经济稳定，但信贷歧视削弱了积极性金融冲击的宏观经济效应，忽略信贷歧视评价金融冲击的影响将导致结论偏误。在此基础上，进一步考虑了由信贷歧视引致的产能过剩问题的影响。结果显示，产能过剩进一步削弱了积极性金融冲击的实际效应，并扩大了其对通胀等名义变量的影响。而二阶矩分析的结果则表明，信贷歧视以及由信贷歧视引致的产能过剩加剧了宏观经济波动，降低了实际变量的持续性，同时提高了通胀惯性的影响。因此，为有效发挥积极性金融冲击的作用，稳定宏观经济，需要采用相关政策有效缓解信贷歧视以及产能过剩问题。     

Power,REDD+ and reforming forest governance in Indonesia

Abstract

This paper analyses the various power relations that shape forest policy and governance reform in Indonesia. It applies Foucault’s theories on power to several key initiatives introduced as part of REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation). By analysing both the operation and the effects of power relations the paper accounts for how competing actors influence major policy change, and the impact different policies have on governing multiple forest users. Sovereign and disciplinary power underpins government attempts to implement new regulatory, planning and enforcement functions across the forest estate. Policy instruments such as the concession moratorium create securitised territorial zones that enable sustainable forest practices to operate. By contrast, forest management units operate through inclusive strategies that discipline forest users into responsible managers, whilst enforcement excludes those who contravene the law. Productive power and resistance explain efforts by government and non-government actors to progress or limit REDD+. Productive power operates through the multiple activities that generate new knowledge on incentivising carbon, and by engaging new subjects in carbon projects. Community resistance draws on discourses and localised subjectivities focussed on forest dependency and rights, whereas industry networks have been adept at positioning REDD+ as a threat to national development.