Organised crime groups in cyberspace: a typology

Three categories of organised groups that exploit advances in information and communications technologies (ICT) to infringe legal and regulatory controls: (1) traditional organised criminal groups which make use of ICT to enhance their terrestrial criminal activities; (2) organised cybercriminal groups which operate exclusively online; and (3) organised groups of ideologically and politically motivated individuals who make use of ICT to facilitate their criminal conduct are described in this article. The need for law enforcement to have in-depth knowledge of computer forensic principles, guidelines, procedures, tools, and techniques, as well as anti-forensic tools and techniques will become more pronounced with the increased likelihood of digital content being a source of disputes or forming part of underlying evidence to support or refute a dispute in judicial proceedings. There is also a need for new strategies of response and further research on analysing organised criminal activities in cyberspace.

Rational lobbying and EU climate policy

Using a simple rational choice model as a heuristic device, this paper explores the lobbying behaviour of environmental and business organisations in the field of climate policy and discusses why their lobbying behaviour differs. I find that environmental organisations lobby less than what would be considered rational according to the simple rational choice model, and argue that this might largely be explained by tight budget constraints. I also find that business organisations lobby more than what would be considered rational according to the model, and argue that this might be explained if one applies a long-term perspective on rational lobbying in the policy field rather than a short-term perspective on single policy decisions. Moreover, I find that the type of lobbying differs. While environmental organisations focus on single policy decisions, business organisations also invest in general lobbying. The analysis is based on interviews with interest organisations lobbying in the field of climate policy at the European Union (EU) level.

AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF COLLABORATIVE PRACTICE

This article summarizes empirical research about Collaborative Practice, the Collaborative movement, its interaction with other parts of the dispute resolution field, and its impact on the field. It reviews studies of Collaborative Practice describing the individuals involved in Collaborative cases, how the process works, the operation of local practice groups, and the impact of Collaborative Practice on legal practice generally. Based on this analysis, it suggests an agenda for future research. Finally, it offers suggestions for constructive development of the Collaborative field.     

1950～1970年几个不同年代女性同期群婚姻及家庭生活管窥--基于人口学视角

从中国传统婚姻模式———普婚的视角切入，跟踪考察新中国成立以来1950年代、1960年代和1970年代几个不同年代初婚同期群女性的初婚持续时间及婚姻现况，得出的结论是：其一，新中国成立以来中国女性不仅一直沿袭普婚的传统婚姻模式，且初婚持续时间及婚姻关系保持不变的时间一般至终老，如果没有死亡这个不可抗力因素，60％左右的中国女性守望初婚并有偶者能够长达50年之久，且几个年代女性同期群均基本如此。其二，守望婚姻其实更本质的是守望家庭，对现阶段的老年女性而言，婚姻和家庭是唯一能够维持她们老年生活的基本保障。微薄的或几乎为零的养老金对她们而言，不如守望婚姻、守望家庭更可靠。养老是中国女性沿袭并不断维护传统婚姻模式的最重要的因素。即使在21世纪的头一二十年，这个基本事实仍然存在，这个基本判断仍然没有过时。     

The 2014 Fiji Elections and the Methodist Church

Abstract

The Methodist Church of Fiji has around one-third of Fiji’s population as members, and is a strong influence on all aspects of Fiji’s life, including its politics. Since 2006 the relationship between the Methodist Church of Fiji and the Bainimarama regime has been variously tense, acrimonious and downright hostile, with Church conferences cancelled by the government in 2009–2011 after the Methodist Church was accused of ‘playing politics’. A further attempt to minimise the influence of the Methodist Church has included government encouragement of the New Methodists (Souls to Jesus) movement in 2008–9. However, these government actions have been premised on the assumption that the Methodist Church is monolithic in its support for conservative Fijian chiefly values, often privileging these over more universalist values espoused by other Christian denominations. While this may have been generally true of the years 1989–2012, it has not always been the case. This paper suggests that more recently the dynamics within the Methodist Church have changed, a shift that is only partly influenced by Bainimarama’s actions.     

党的三代领导集体对党际关系理论的探讨与实践

党的三代中央领导集体对党际关系进行了深入的理论探讨和伟大的实践:毛泽东坚持以独立自主为核心的党际关系原则,开创了我党同其他政党交往的历史;邓小平在和平与发展成为时代主题的条件下,实现了党际关系的历史性跨越;江泽民提出了世界多样性思想,使政党外交以独特的方式为我国的发展作出了贡献。     

青年公益性社会品牌塑造规律研究

服务青年的广泛需求并引导青年服务公众的基本需求是青年社会团体的生存发展之路。精神文明领域中的公益服务领域应该是青年社会团体发挥作用的主要领域。动员、吸纳和运用社会资源,采用办事业和项目化的方式,集中力量塑造青年公益性社会品牌,是青年社会团体形成核心竞争力,发挥应有作用的重要途径。     

传媒文化变迁与新闻编辑知识和能力的优化

网络技术的发展促使媒体生态环境和基本格局已经并正在发生重大变化,媒体逐渐走向融合。为了应对竞争,媒体采用了编辑中心制,新闻编辑成为媒体竞争的漩涡中心。目前,中国媒体合格的编辑人才储备还远远不能满足媒体领域的需求,其原因是过去单一媒介模式下的编辑知识结构与能力结构已不能满足媒体融合时代对编辑人才的要求。因此,优化新闻编辑的知识结构和能力结构显得十分重要。     

论社会弱势群体的法律保护

弱势群体已成为当今社会的主要问题,保护弱势群体的权利是法律不可推卸的责任,在法律的各个环节都必须树立人权观念,坚持公平正义的法律价值观,解除社会危机的隐患,建立和谐、秩序的社会。