走出平等与效率关系困境的出路——基于对西方学者观点的分析

平等与效率的关系一直是经济学等社会科学研究的焦点问题.但由于对平等范畴的不同理解,导致在如何认识和处理平等与效率关系的问题上众说纷纭,使其成为社会科学的难点问题之一.全面、准确解读西方主流学者的观点,科学地界定平等范畴的内涵,可能是走出平等与效率关系困境的出路.在市场经济中处理平等与效率的关系时,必须坚持社会第一平等——机会均等基础上的资源配置效率,效率基础上实现社会第二平等——收入差别平等.这是实践科学发展观,建设和谐社会的内在要求.     

试论加强党的执政能力建设

执政能力建设的提出具有深刻的背景,我们要准确把握执政能力建设的内涵和发展方向。只有取得高的执政效率的执政党才能具有高的执政能力。而执政方式问题决定着执政活动的成本与产出,是执政效率的决定性因素,是执政能力建设的关键。     

Is a problem shared a problem halved? Shared services and municipal efficiency

It has long been argued that shared services represent an efficacious means of securing efficiencies for municipalities. Indeed, pressures from fiscal austerity, taxation limitations, and the specter of forced amalgamations have resulted in an increasing uptake of shared service arrangements. However, the extant evidence is rather inconclusive and is largely restricted to analyzing the nett efficiency outcomes for the specific service shared. We broaden this evidential base by examining the association between shared service production and the efficiency of entire municipalities. Our analysis, employing a 5‐year panel of data, suggests that shared services are associated with a statistically significant reduction in overall municipal efficiency. We conclude by explicating on the public policy implications arising from our prima facie surprising results.     

我国国民收入初次分配中劳动报酬比重偏低问题研究

企业收入分配权引发的问题,同财产权中的决策权、经营管理权有因果关系。在企业决策权和经营管理权中,共赢的制度规则将使企业分配带来共赢的结果,反之则相反。因此,调整企业收入分配不公问题,关键在于保持外部约束的刚性,促使企业对资本财产权中的决策权和经营管理权加以调整,以此实现属于劳动者的企业增量收入分配权。     

我国房地产税改革探析——基于公平、效率视角下的考量

房地产税作为一种财产税,在我国的社会经济发展中发挥着重要的调节功能,其完善与否直接关系着我国社会经济的转型发展和地方政府职能转变。本文从公平、效率的视角出发,对我国房地产税改革中存在的主要问题进行客观、理性和系统的分析,就其完善提出了相应的政策建议。     

城乡统筹制度框架中的警察公共服务定位——兼评警务效能的提升

国务院批准成都为全国统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区,这为公安机关探索新形势下的警察公共服务定位问题提供了先行良机。成都市公安局锦江区分局以推进“三基”工程建设为契机,充分发挥公安机关的职能作用,大力服务成都“试验区”建设,并在此过程中推进自身公共服务定位的改革,形成独具特色的“锦江模式”。“锦江模式”的实质是在城乡统筹制度框架中实现警察公共服务定位的理念和方法创新。并带动警务效能的相应提高。     

Effective but inefficient: understanding the costs of counterterrorism

This article analyses state counterterrorism (CT) policy on two dimensions: its effectiveness and its efficiency. It points out that CT is likely to be effective but inefficient. The material weakness of terrorist groups in relation to their state opponents, and different organisational dilemmas, increases the probability of an effective CT policy. However, states frequently overreact to terrorist attacks, which are valued in normative instead of strategic terms. Hence, they spend more resources on CT than justified by the threat posed by the terrorist groups. The article concludes that CT should be framed as an allocation of scarce resources that could be used in other important contexts.     

First Generation in Chilean Higher Education: Tension between Access and Inclusion in a Segmented University System

We analysed the Chilean university student selection processes, comparing ‘First Generation’ and ‘Continuist’ students, using the Chilean Higher Education population databases (2000–2015). Findings confirm that 60 percent of participants in the selection process are First Generation students. The data registers an increasing self-exclusion phenomenon. Of the students who did not take the selection test after enrolling, 80 percent are First Generation and 18 are enrolled in a selective university, compared to 44 in the Continuist conglomerate. These differences may be explained by cultural capital in the Bourdieu sense, in conjunction with a diversified, massified and marketalised higher education system.     

Determining the Optimal Size of Local Government: The Case of Tasmanian Councils

We estimated the optimal size of the most significant functions performed by Tasmanian councils between 1999 and 2008 using a non‐parametric technique based on the shared input data envelopment analysis model. The principal advantage of this technique is that it not only provides an overall estimate of efficiency but it also allows for the estimation of ‘partial efficiencies’ and ‘cost shares’ when one input is shared among multiple outputs. Our results indicate that water supply and sewerage services, on average, were more efficient, whereas activities related to community health and safety and information systems warrant improvement. However, because the costs associated with water supply and sewerage services are considerably higher than the costs related to community health and safety and information systems, the elimination of these inefficiencies would result in greater cost savings for the Tasmanian local government sector.     

我国轻微刑事案件速裁程序的体系化构建——以效率为价值导向的思考

轻微刑事案件速裁程序是刑事司法改革的重要举措,相较于以公正为价值导向的普通程序、简易程序,速裁程序以效率为最主要的价值导向,具备程序更加简化、期限进一步缩短的特点。速裁程序在极大提高诉讼效率的同时,仍存在着适用范围过于狭窄、程序阶段性衔接不足、侵犯被告人基本诉讼权利等缺陷。对此,应当坚持以效率为速裁程序制度设计的价值导向,总结我国速裁程序试点工作经验,借鉴域外成熟经验,构建贯穿侦查、起诉、审判等刑事诉讼各个阶段的制度体系。