蜜罐技术对电子证据效力的影响

蜜罐技术是一种主动取证手段，它在复杂案件处理中是一种行之有效的方法。然而它在证据获取之初采用诱惑技术手段，这使得采用蜜罐技术获取的电子证据备受争议。大多数争论集中在这种技术是否归属为钓鱼执法或警察圈套。本文通过分析蜜罐技术的设计原理与使用机制，提出基于蜜罐技术取证获取的电子证据效力判定的原则。     

缙云县农村电子商务发展实践与思考

丽水市地处浙江西部山区，经济发展速度相对其他地区而言较为缓慢。近年来。随着互联网和电子商务的迅猛发展，丽水的网络经济得到了快速发展。缙云县是丽水市的“北大门”，位于温州、台州、金华、衢州四大板块交接的金三角地带，在发展电子商务方面有独特的区位优势。基于缙云县农村电子商务发展的基本情况，文章阐述了其在发展意识淡薄、总量和产业层次较低、人才和资金匮乏等方面存在的问题，并从政策引导、平台建设、服务体系和行业自律等4个方面入手，提出了推进农村电子商务可持续发展的相关对策。     

数码电子显微镜鉴别手印和字迹形成顺序

对手印和书写字迹形成顺序的检验,是当前刑事科学技术中的研究热点。文章通过对当前采用一种新颖数码电子显微镜鉴别手印和字迹形成顺序的研究,认为这种检验方法无论是鉴定结果的准确性、检验的宽度、快捷和简便程度都较以往的检验方法有较大的进步,特别是它具有能和电子计算机简单连接、方便信息图像存储的特性,更使数码电子显微镜日益成为鉴定中不可或缺的工具。     

中美电子政务及其相关法律规定的比较

伴随着网络化、信息化的发展以及对国家政府服务性的定位、高效率的要求,电子政府的构建正成为一大世界性的潮流,诸多国家均加快了这一步伐。中国与美国作为发展中国家和发达国家的两大代表,在电子政务建设中存在着一定的差异。相应地,也导致了中美两国对此发展过程中所涉及的相关法律规定的不同。通过比较可以发现:相较美国,中国的相关法制建设仍然还存在着差距,需要予以完善。     

设立中公司独立性问题探讨

2011年颁布实施的《最高人民法院关于适用〈中国人民共和国公司法〉若干问题的规定(三)》(以下简称《公司法解释(三)》)第1条至第5条对公司设立阶段发生的债权债务做出了规定,填补了《公司法》立法的不足。司法解释的出台使得债权人的利益得到最大限度的保护,有利于交易安全的维护。但是对于设立中公司的地位,司法解释并没有给出定义,学界对此争论不下,赋予设立中公司形式上独立的法律地位,有利于维护设立中公司自身的合法独立利益。     

40‐Hz Square‐Wave Stimulation Requires Less Energy to Produce Muscle Contraction: Compared with the TASER® X26 Conducted Energy Weapon

Conducted energy weapons (CEWs) (including the Advanced TASER^® X26 model produced by TASER International, Inc.) incapacitate individuals by causing muscle contractions. In this study using anesthetized swine, the potential incapacitating effect of primarily monophasic, 19‐Hz voltage imposed by the commercial CEW was compared with the effect of voltages imposed by a laboratory device that created 40‐Hz square waves. Forces of muscle contraction were measured with the use of strain gauges. Stimulation with 40‐Hz square waves required less pulse energy than stimulation with the commercial CEW to produce similar muscle contraction. The square‐pulse stimulation, at the higher repetition rate, caused a more complete tetanus at a lower energy. Use of such a simple shape of waveform may be used to make future nonlethal weapon devices more efficient.     

Innovation in Public Management: Is Public E-Procurement a Wave of the Future? A Theoretical and Exploratory Analysis

Project management has become an answer to many traditional organizational structuration and performance shortcomings, while gaining currency in business and public sector organizations. Public procurement systems have evolved into public electronic procurement systems with variations and distinctions in the age of globalization and digitalized complexities. This article examines the development of public e-procurement as an innovation in public management in the contexts of project management, public procurement management, and e-governance. It also links practice to theory—through a fourfold theoretical perspective—with contributions to the knowledge in public procurement, governance, and public administration.     

Recrafting the national imaginary and the new “vanguardism”

An opportunity exists to assess the limitations in building long-term peace in post-conflict states, particularly given the extent to which negotiated settlements incorporate demands for democratic mechanisms. By assessing how post-conflict governments construct new majorities through policy tools as well as assessing how they are constrained by the structural realities of negotiated settlements, we gain some purchase on the reasons why some post-conflict state projects succeed while others fail. This has potentially transformative implications for our understanding of how social contracts, and their attendant issues of consent, dissent, and legitimacy, operate in the modern world and the ways they impact such critical discussions as democratic transition, post-conflict reconciliation, and nation-building. We use the case of post-apartheid South Africa to analyse how post-conflict states are limited in terms of forging social contracts among citizens and between citizens and governments. Of specific interest is the way that post-conflict social contracting compels nation-builders to eschew the uncertainties of viable electoral democracy in favour of dominant party regimes or electoral authoritarianism. We suggest that this tension is less a result of pecuniary interest on the part of nation-builders and more a consequence of the imperfections of the modern social contracting process.     

Electronic identities – public or private

In the real world, we usually identify persons by their appearance, voice, and so on. If this is not sufficient, identity cards are used. In the virtual world the situation is different. The basic concepts of the internet provide for unique identification of devices, not of their users. Hence, some kind of identity management system is required, which can be provided either by the state or by the private sector. Official electronic identity schemes, such as the Austrian Citizen Card, are being established in more and more countries. The carrier media of the Citizen Card is a smart card but, since 2009, the mobile phone signature is offered as a more comfortable alternative. However, much more widespread than that are simple user accounts with passwords, one for each individual service. This system has significant flaws. A solution can be provided by the concept of identity federation: an ‘identity ecosystem’ can be established in which a user can choose among several identity providers, authorise them to identify him towards service providers, authorise attribute providers to provide particular qualified user information to a service provider, etc. In this paper the different concepts mentioned above are elaborated and their interrelations and legal difficulties are described.     

Fisher Body revisited: Supply contracts and vertical integration

The vertical integration of Fisher Body by General Motors has been a leading example in both the transaction-cost theory and the property-rights theory of the firm. The present paper makes the following contributions. First, we show how a simple extension of the property-rights theory of the firm (which allows for contractible trade) is able to rationalize the observed ownership arrangements, supply contracts, and investment behavior both before and after integration. Second, the model lends support to Klein’s (2000) view that an increase in demand for closed automobile bodies was pivotal for vertical integration. JEL Classification L22 · L24 · L14 · K12