制造毒品犯罪案件证据的种类及收集

制造毒品犯罪,是一类社会危害性极大的犯罪,但在暴利驱使下,国内各省区市不断出现此类犯罪,相对于其他传统犯罪,办案部门在取证过程中对于证据的种类和取证的方式、方法方面的经验相对较少。在证据收集过程中,存在着取证对象不明确、取证程序不规范、证据提取不全面等问题,容易导致诉讼的失败。应该从研究制造毒品犯罪案件证据的种类入手,以制毒犯罪案件的现场为中心,从现场实地勘验、毒品鉴定、现场访问等方面讨论制造毒品犯罪案件的证据收集问题,给公安机关勘查制毒犯罪案件现场和侦办此类犯罪提供一定的指导和参考。     

事实认定中的法官自由裁量权

司法过程中的法官自由裁量权体现了司法能动性。在事实认定过程中,不论是证明责任的分配、证据能力的确定或是证明力的判断,都不可避免地带有法官自由裁量的成分,如何赋予法官在事实认定过程中一定的自由裁量空间以更好地发现真实又通过合理的检验机制以有效抑制法官自由裁量权的滥用。是我国立法与司法中面临的重要课题。     

从一起网站被入侵案件谈电子证据的获取

电子证据具有不同于其他证据的特征。掌握电子证据的独特性质,有助于在公共信息网络安全监察工作中解决和排除涉及电子证据的收集、审查、质证、采信等方面的困难和障碍。     

论监察案件的证据标准——以刑事诉讼证据为参照

监察证据无需转化便可直接获得刑事诉讼证据资格,但作为职务犯罪定案的根据,必须具备刑事诉讼证据的形式条件和实质条件。监察机关的调查权与刑事侦查权具有相同的性质和功能,监察机关调查取证虽然不直接适用刑事诉讼法,但必须参照刑事诉讼法的侦查取证规则。为保障调查取证的合法性,应当对调查活动进行合理规制,对于非法获取的证据应当按照刑事诉讼法及相关司法解释确定的非法证据排除规则予以排除。监察机关调查终结的案件,应当达到刑事侦查终结的证明标准,应当低于法院判决有罪的标准,但不能比其他普通刑事案件的证明标准更高。     

The Evolution of Balanced and Restorative Justice

Maloney, Armstrong, and Romig presented a portrait of “Joey,” who was the exemplar of what was wrong with the juvenile justice system, in 1988 when they published The Balanced Approach in this Journal. In response, they reimagined a juvenile justice system predicated on balancing three fundamental goals—protection of community, accountability to victims, and development of competencies to prepare juvenile court‐involved youth for productive roles in their communities. The authors examine the evolution of balanced and restorative justice and re‐imagine how Joey's life may have been different at critical junctures of his juvenile court involvement.     

Increased Hematocrit Due to Electrical‐Waveform Exposures in Splenectomized Sus scrofa,

In laboratory studies of the pig Sus scrofa, hematocrit has consistently increased after conducted‐electrical‐weapon (CEW) exposures, possibly due to contraction of the spleen. Splenectomized animals and intact sham control animals were exposed, each for 30 sec, to a benchtop‐produced electrical waveform of net charge levels similar to those of some CEWs. Changes in the blood were compared statistically. Hematocrit increased significantly in both splenectomized and sham animals. There were no significant main‐effect differences between values of hematocrit from the two groups. There were, however, significant interactive effects of time and splenectomy for hematocrit, red blood cell count, and hemoglobin. After peak values were reached for these variables, values returned toward baseline levels more slowly in splenectomized animals. This may have been due to the lack of a spleen to sequester red blood cells (thereby resulting in more cells remaining in the general circulation), unlike sham animals with intact spleens.     

An Evidence‐Based Forensic Taxonomy of Windows Phone Communication Apps

Communication apps can be an important source of evidence in a forensic investigation (e.g., in the investigation of a drug trafficking or terrorism case where the communications apps were used by the accused persons during the transactions or planning activities). This study presents the first evidence‐based forensic taxonomy of Windows Phone communication apps, using an existing two‐dimensional Android forensic taxonomy as a baseline. Specifically, 30 Windows Phone communication apps, including Instant Messaging (IM) and Voice over IP (VoIP) apps, are examined. Artifacts extracted using physical acquisition are analyzed, and seven digital evidence objects of forensic interest are identified, namely: Call Log, Chats, Contacts, Locations, Installed Applications, SMSs and User Accounts. Findings from this study would help to facilitate timely and effective forensic investigations involving Windows Phone communication apps.     

匹拉米洞与联苯胺在血痕预实验中的灵敏性及DNA损伤检测研究

目的血液痕迹是暴力犯罪现场最易遗留的一类痕迹,是法医学检验中最常见和最重要的一类物证。血痕预实验是利用化学检测的方法从现场大量分布的可疑斑迹中初步筛选可能是血痕的重要方法,是法医学鉴定的重要前提。本文比较匹拉米洞法和联苯胺法的灵敏度、对DNA-STR检验的影响以及对细胞核的损伤情况,以探索匹拉米洞法应用于血痕预实验的可行性。方法对新鲜全血进行梯度稀释,观察比较检测灵敏度;利用Chelex-100提取匹拉米洞、联苯胺等试剂预检后的血痕样本中的DNA,应用PCR-STR技术及荧光检测技术检测样本的STR分型,观察STR分型结果,比较两种方法对后续DNA-STR检验的影响;在细胞培养液中加入联苯胺、匹拉米洞,应用彗星电泳技术评价细胞核DNA的损伤。结果匹拉米洞法可检测的最低血红蛋白浓度为25μg/m L,灵敏度低于联苯胺法(5μg/m L);DNA-STR有效分型率为96.67%,远高于联苯胺法(18.09%);联苯胺组彗星尾长为52.40±9.21、尾距为43.29±4.85、尾部DNA含量为16.25±2.35,显著高于匹拉米洞组。结论匹拉米洞法可用于血痕预实验,对血痕中DNA的损伤、对DNA-STR分型的影响均低于联苯胺法,可替代联苯胺作为新的法医学血痕预实验方法。