Bridging the gap: the effect of gender normativity on differences in empathy and emotional intelligence

Self-report measures of empathy and emotional intelligence have frequently revealed significant gender differences, with females typically scoring higher than males on these dimensions. In this study, we investigated whether, in line with a social identity approach, manipulating the gender normativity of empathy and emotional intelligence would ameliorate typically observed differences. Male and female participants (N = 330) were randomly assigned to read one of three narratives comprising fictitious neurological research evidence which claimed that males (Condition 1) or females (Condition 2) or neither males nor females (Condition 3) scored higher on measures of empathy and emotional intelligence. Results indicated that, in Conditions 2 and 3, females scored significantly higher than males on self-reported empathy. However, when information suggested that males were superior to females (Condition 1), no significant gender differences in self-reported empathy were observed. A similar pattern was found for emotional intelligence, however the predicted interaction effect failed to reach significance. The role of social context in determining gender differences in emotional functioning is discussed with particular reference to gender differences in motivation.     

The Voices of Youth in Out-of-Home Care Regarding Developing Healthy Dating Relationships

Minimal attention has been focused on difficulties for youth in residential care regarding building healthy dating relationships, despite the significant risks to this group of adolescents. This study provided a unique opportunity to conduct focus groups with youth in residential care on issues surrounding dating relationships. The majority of youth feedback centered on the themes of desiring support developing relationship boundaries, establishing trust in relationships, understanding the consequences of sexual activity, and having real world examples regarding dating relationships. The data were examined for differences between the genders and recommendations for next steps provided.     

宪法审查的穷尽法律救济原则

"穷尽法律救济原则"是各国宪法审查制度普遍采行的启动要件,它在集中式审查模式中主要存在于宪法诉愿程序中,而在分散式审查模式中主要体现为"穷尽行政救济"。然两类规范形态具有相通的双层结构规范内涵:在判断是否已穷尽相关法律救济之后,对于未穷尽者,进一步判断其是否属于具有普遍性意义或者会产生重大且无法避免之损害的例外情形,以谨慎决定宪法审查是否可提前。这既体现出宪法审查的备位性,也说明备位性须受到人权保障之价值目标的限制。     

谈大学生心理健康教育原则和情感渗透途径

心理健康教育是学校素质教育的重要组成部分,对大学生身心健康成长和发展思想品德教育以及社会主义精神文明建设具有重要意义。对大学生进行心理健康教育,应遵循教育性、全体性、差异性、立体性、保密性等基本原则。高校思想政治工作要遵循情感心理过程的规律,注意满足学生的情感需求,有意识地加以情感渗透,进行情通理顺、顺情入理的教育。     

教学手段散谈

课堂教学是为师者“传道、授业、解惑”的中心环节 ,教学手段则是实施这一环节的重要桥梁。实践证明 ,采用科学合理的教学手段 ,往往能取得事半功倍的效果。反之 ,却难以取得令人满意的教学效果。     

A Multidimensional Definition of Partner Abuse: Development and Preliminary Validation of the Composite Abuse Scale

The lack of definitional consistency about domestic violence and the absence of a well-validated comprehensive abuse screening questionnaire have been major methodological flaws in domestic violence research. While there are several screening questionnaires in use, they either are narrowly defined and do not have discrete measures of physical, emotional, and sexual abuse or have not been validated on both abused and nonabused samples. This study presents the development and preliminary validation of a new partner abuse screening questionnaire (Composite Abuse Scale; CAS). Items measuring the three areas of partner abuse were extracted from four published scales: the Conflict Tactics Scale, Measure of Wife Abuse, Inventory of Spouse Abuse, and Psychological Maltreatment of Women Inventory. A survey using these items was sent to all nurses working at a large Australian public, inner-city teaching hospital. Factor analyses of the responses of 427 participants revealed four dimensions: Severe Combined Abuse, Emotional Abuse, Physical Abuse, and Harassment. Preliminary evidence is presented on validity and a high scale reliability is reported fof each subscale.     

俄罗斯军事干预叙利亚危机的情感动机

俄罗斯自2015年9月30日开始军事干预叙利亚危机。目前,国内外学术界主要采取理性分析路径讨论俄罗斯军事干预叙利亚的动机,即认为俄罗斯是基于对利益的考虑而采取军事干预行动的。文章从情感角度考察俄罗斯的干预行为,认为俄罗斯的行动主要是受到对美国不满的驱动,因为美国干预叙利亚危机造成了对俄罗斯大国身份的蔑视。冷战后俄与西方之间的长期互动,使得俄面临"身份遭到蔑视"状态,从而形成针对西方的消极、压抑的"情感定向";而美国在叙利亚危机中的行为,进一步使俄感知到了对其身份的蔑视,从而激发了俄罗斯的"道德悲愤"和"羞辱"等"指向情绪反应"。在该情感的影响下,俄决定实施军事干预叙利亚危机这一"复仇"行为,其目的即在于警告西方不要再做出蔑视俄身份及情感的行为并重塑俄的身份和尊严。明晰俄军事干预叙利亚危机的行为逻辑,能为掌握俄罗斯与西方之间关系的发展前景以及中国在构建"一带一路"的过程中如何与俄罗斯相处等问题提供一定的启发。     

云计算对知识产权保护的若干影响

云计算作为变革性的信息技术,已对知识产权保护和若干知识产权制度产生了重要影响.与本地计算模式相比,云计算一方面可以更有效地防止著作权侵权,另一方面需要依赖于合同、技术措施、商业方法专利等手段提供综合性的补充保护.云计算会对合理使用原则、发行权穷竭原则构成挑战.云计算环境下,用户的商业秘密保护可能因为数据迁移困难而受到妨碍.由于云计算尚处于发展初期,还不能认为知识产权制度需要进行重大修改.     

矿产资源生态补偿制度探究

矿产资源生态补偿不同于矿产资源补偿。矿产资源补偿强调的是补偿的经济价值,而矿产资源生态补偿除了经济价值外,还强调补偿的环境价值和公平价值。矿产资源生态补偿的理论依据在于矿产资源的价值论、资源耗竭性补偿理论以及资源的外部性理论。我国比较重视矿产资源补偿的经济价值,而忽视了补偿的环境价值和公平价值,因此,建立经济、环境、公平三位一体的价值补偿体系,是矿产资源生态补偿制度完善的现实要求。     

平行进口与我国知识产权保护问题研究

平行进口问题是国际贸易领域经常发生的问题。产生"平行进口"的直接原因是由于某项知识产权产品的本国价格与外国价格之间存在较大的差价,其本质是个体利益与公众利益、贸易自由主义与非关税壁垒之间的矛盾,反映了国际贸易行为与知识产权法律保护制度的冲突。在我国,平行进口的现象虽然为数不少,但除了专利法有明确的规定之外,在商标及版权领域却无相关的法律规定,我国加入世界贸易组织后,两者之间的矛盾就更加突出了。旨在对平行进口问题作一些探讨。